<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314</id><updated>2011-04-21T12:07:03.577-07:00</updated><category term='LOVE'/><category term='EDUCATION'/><category term='SCIENCE'/><category term='RELIGION'/><category term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>KERAJAAN CINTA19</title><subtitle type='html'>ITz MäSTéR M!STëR HELMY'S RéÄL BLÖG</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>46</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-5283956719487695871</id><published>2009-01-31T19:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T19:06:30.653-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sejarah Konflik Palestina – Israel dari Masa ke Masa</title><content type='html'>Pada tanggal 1 Januari 2009 ini serangan rezim zionis Israel ke Gaza atas bangsa Palestina sudah berlangsung 5 hari (27 Desember 2008). Ratusan orang sipil Palestina tewas menggenaskan, sedangkan ratusan lainnya luka-luka. Kutukan atas serangan tersebut berdatangan dari berbagai negara, namun sayangnya Amerika Serikat ternyata mem-veto resolusi PBB atas serangan Israel ke Gaza tersebut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konflik Palestina – Israel menurut sejarah sudah 31 tahun ketika pada tahun 1967 Israel menyerang Mesir, Yordania dan Syria dan berhasil merebut Sinai dan Jalur Gaza (Mesir), dataran tinggi Golan (Syria), Tepi Barat dan Yerussalem (Yordania).. Sampai sekarang perdamaian sepertinya jauh dari harapan. Ditambah lagi terjadi ketidaksepakatan tentang masa depan Palestina dan hubungannya dengan Israel di antara faksi-faksi di Palestina sendiri. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan sebagai pengingat sekaligus upaya membuka pemahaman kita mengenai latar belakang sejarah sebab terjadinya konflik ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2000 SM – 1500 SM&lt;br /&gt;Istri Nabi Ibrahim A.s., Siti Hajar mempunyai anak Nabi Ismail A.s. (bapaknya bangsa Arab) dan Siti Sarah mempunyai anak Nabi Ishak A.s. yang kemudian mempunyai anak Nabi Ya’qub A.s. alias Israel (Israil, Qur’an). Anak keturunannya disebut Bani Israel sebanyak 7 (tujuh) orang. Salah satunya bernama Nabi Yusuf A.s. yang ketika kecil dibuang oleh saudara-saudaranya yang dengki kepadanya. Nasibnya yang baik membawanya ke tanah Mesir dan kemudian dia menjadi bendahara kerajaan Mesir. Ketika masa paceklik, Nabi Ya’qub A.s. beserta saudara-saudara Yusuf bermigrasi ke Mesir. Populasi anak keturunan Israel (Nabi Ya’qub A.s.) membesar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1550 SM – 1200 SM&lt;br /&gt;Politik di Mesir berubah. Bangsa Israel dianggap sebagai masalah bagi negara Mesir. Banyak dari bangsa Israel yang lebih pintar dari orang asli Mesir dan menguasai perekonomian. Oleh pemerintah Firaun bangsa Israel diturunkan statusnya menjadi budak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1200 SM – 1100 SM&lt;br /&gt;Nabi Musa A.s. memimpin bangsa Israel meninggalkan Mesir, mengembara di gurun Sinai menuju tanah yang dijanjikan, asalkan mereka taat kepada Allah Swt – dikenal dengan cerita Nabi Musa A.s. membelah laut ketika bersama dengan bangsa Israel dikejar-kejar oleh tentara Mesir menyeberangi Laut Merah. Namun saat mereka diperintah untuk memasuki tanah Filistin (Palestina), mereka membandel dan berkata: “Hai, Musa, kami sekali-kali tidak akan memasukinya selama-lamanya, selagi ada orang yang gagah perkasa di dalamnya, karena itu pergilah kamu bersama Rabbmu (Tuhanmu), dan berperanglah kamu berdua, sesungguhnya kami hanya duduk menanti di sini saja.” (QS 5:24)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Akibatnya mereka dikutuk oleh Allah Swt dan hanya berputar-putar saja di sekitar Palestina. Belakangan agama yang dibawa Nabi Musa A.s. disebut Yahudi – menurut salah satu marga dari bangsa Israel yang paling banyak keturunannya, yakni Yehuda, dan akhirnya bangsa Israil – tanpa memandang warga negara atau tanah airnya – disebut juga orang-orang Yahudi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1000 SM – 922 SM&lt;br /&gt;Nabi Daud A.s. (anak Nabi Musa A.s.) mengalahkan Goliath (Jalut, Qur’an) dari Filistin. Palestina berhasil direbut dan Daud dijadikan raja. Wilayah kerajaannya membentang dari tepi sungai Nil hingga sungai Efrat di Iraq. Sekarang ini Yahudi tetap memimpikan kembali kebesaran Israel Raya seperti yang dipimpin raja Daud. Bendera Israel adalah dua garis biru (sungai Nil dan Eufrat) dan Bintang Daud. Kepemimpinan Daud A.s. diteruskan oleh anaknya Nabi Sulaiman A.s. dan Masjidil Aqsa pun dibangun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;922 SM – 800 SM&lt;br /&gt;Sepeninggal Sulaiman A.s., Israel dilanda perang saudara yang berlarut-larut, hingga akhirnya kerajaan itu terbelah menjadi dua, yakni bagian Utara bernama Israel beribukota Samaria dan Selatan bernama Yehuda beribukota Yerusalem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;800 SM – 600 SM&lt;br /&gt;Karena kerajaan Israel sudah terlalu durhaka kepada Allah Swt maka kerajaan tersebut dihancurkan oleh Allah Swt melalui penyerangan kerajaan Asyiria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Sesungguhnya Kami telah mengambil kembali perjanjian dari Bani Israil, dan telah Kami utus kepada mereka rasul-rasul. Tetapi setiap datang seorang rasul kepada mereka dengan membawa apa yang tidak diingini hawa nafsu mereka, maka sebagian rasul-rasul itu mereka dustakan atau mereka bunuh.” (QS 5:70)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hal ini juga bisa dibaca di Injil (Bible) pada Kitab Raja-raja ke-1 14:15 dan Kitab Raja-raja ke-2 17:18.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;600 SM – 500 SM&lt;br /&gt;Kerajaan Yehuda dihancurkan lewat tangan Nebukadnezar dari Babylonia. Dalam Injil Kitab Raja-raja ke-2 23:27 dinyatakan bahwa mereka tidak mempunyai hak lagi atas Yerusalem. Mereka diusir dari Yerusalem dan dipenjara di Babylonia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;500 SM – 400 SM&lt;br /&gt;Cyrus Persia meruntuhkan Babylonia dan mengijinkan bangsa Israel kembali ke Yerusalem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;330 SM – 322 SM&lt;br /&gt;Israel diduduki Alexander Agung dari Macedonia (Yunani). Ia melakukan hellenisasi terhadap bangsa-bangsa taklukannya. Bahasa Yunani menjadi bahasa resmi Israel, sehingga nantinya Injil pun ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani dan bukan dalam bahasa Ibrani.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;300 SM – 190 SM&lt;br /&gt;Yunani dikalahkan Romawi. Maka Palestina pun dikuasai imperium Romawi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1 – 100 M&lt;br /&gt;Nabi Isa A.s. / Yesus lahir, kemudian menjadi pemimpin gerakan melawan penguasa Romawi. Namun selain dianggap subversi oleh penguasa Romawi (dengan ancaman hukuman tertinggi yakni dihukum mati di kayu salib), ajaran Yesus sendiri ditolak oleh para Rabbi Yahudi. Namun setelah Isa tiada, bangsa Yahudi memberontak terhadap Romawi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;100 – 300&lt;br /&gt;Pemberontakan berulang. Akibatnya Palestina dihancurkan dan dijadikan area bebas Yahudi. Mereka dideportasi keluar Palestina dan terdiaspora ke segala penjuru imperium Romawi. Namun demikian tetap ada sejumlah kecil pemeluk Yahudi yang tetap bertahan di Palestina. Dengan masuknya Islam kemudian, serta dipakainya bahasa Arab di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, mereka lambat laun terarabisasi atau bahkan masuk Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;313&lt;br /&gt;Pusat kerajaan Romawi dipindah ke Konstantinopel dan agama Kristen dijadikan agama negara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;500 – 600&lt;br /&gt;Nabi Muhammad Saw lahir di tahun 571 M. Bangsa Yahudi merembes ke semenanjung Arabia (di antaranya di Khaibar dan sekitar Madinah), kemudian berimigrasi dalam jumlah besar ke daerah tersebut ketika terjadi perang antara Romawi dengan Persia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;621&lt;br /&gt;Nabi Muhammad Saw melakukan perjalanan ruhani Isra’ dari masjidil Haram di Makkah ke masjidil Aqsa di Palestina dilanjutkan perjalana Mi’raj ke Sidrathul Muntaha (langit lapis ke-7). Rasulullah menetapkan Yerusalem sebagai kota suci ke-3 ummat Islam, dimana sholat di masjidil Aqsa dinilai 500 kali dibanding sholat di masjid lain selain masjidil Haram di Makkah dan masjid Nabawi di Madinah. Masjidil Aqsa juga menjadi kiblat umat Islam sebelum dipindah arahnya ke Ka’bah di masjidil Haram, Makkah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;622&lt;br /&gt;Hijrah Nabi Muhammad Saw ke Madinah dan pendirian negara Islam – yang selanjutnya disebut khilafah. Nabi mengadakan perjanjian dengan bangsa Yahudi yang menjadi penduduk Madinah dan sekitarnya, yang dikenal dengan “Piagam Madinah”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;626&lt;br /&gt;Pengkhianatan Yahudi dalam perang Ahzab (perang parit) dan berarti melanggar Perjanjian Madinah. Sesuai dengan aturan di dalam kitab Taurat mereka sendiri, mereka harus menerima hukuman dibunuh atau diusir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;638&lt;br /&gt;Di bawah pemerintahan Khalifah Umar Ibnu Khattab ra. Seluruh Palestina dimerdekakan dari penjajah Romawi. Seterusnya seluruh penduduk Palestina, Muslim maupun Non Muslim, hidup aman di bawah pemerintahan khilafah. Kebebasan beragama dijamin sepenuhnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;700 – 1000&lt;br /&gt;Wilayah Islam meluas dari Asia Tengah, Afrika hingga Spanyol. Di dalamnya, bangsa Yahudi mendapat peluang ekonomi dan intelektual yang sama. Ada beberapa ilmuwan terkenal di dunia Islam yang sesungguhnya adalah orang Yahudi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1076&lt;br /&gt;Yerusalem dikepung oleh tentara salib dari Eropa. Karena pengkhianatan kaum munafik (sekte Drusiah yang mengaku Islam tetapi ajarannya sesat), pada tahun 1099 M tentara salib berhasil menguasai Yerusalem dan mengangkat seorang raja Kristen. Penjajahan ini berlangsung hingga 1187 M sampai Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi membebaskannya dan setelah itu ummat Islam yang terlena sufisme yang sesat bisa dibangkitkan kembali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1453&lt;br /&gt;Setelah melalui proses reunifikasi dan revitalisasi wilayah-wilayah khilafah yang tercerai berai setelah hancurnya Baghdad oleh tentara Mongol (1258 M), khilafah Utsmaniah dibawah Muhammad Fatih menaklukan Konstatinopel, dan mewujudkan nubuwwah Rasulullah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1492&lt;br /&gt;Andalusia sepenuhnya jatuh ke tangan Kristen Spanyol (reconquista). Karena cemas suatu saat umat Islam bisa bangkit lagi, maka terjadi pembunuhan, pengusiran dan pengkristenan massal. Hal ini tidak cuma diarahkan pada Muslim namun juga pada Yahudi. Mereka lari ke wilayah khilafah Utsmaniyah, diantaranya ke Bosnia. Pada 1992 Raja Juan Carlos dari Spanyol secara resmi meminta maaf kepada pemerintah Israel atas holocaust (pemusnahan etnis) 500 tahun sebelumnya. (Tapi tidak permintaan maaf kepada umat Islam).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1500 – 1700&lt;br /&gt;Kebangkitan pemikiran di Eropa, munculnya sekularisme (pemisahan agama / gereja dengan negara), nasionalisme dan kapitalisme. Mulainya kemajuan teknologi moderen di Eropa. Abad penjelajahan samudera dimulai. Mereka mencari jalur perdagangan alternatif ke India dan Cina, tanpa melalui daerah-daerah Islam. Tapi akhirnya mereka didorong oleh semangat kolonialisme dan imperialisme, yakni Gold, Glory dan Gospel. Gold berarti mencari kekayaan di tanah jajahan, Glory artinya mencari kemasyuran di atas bangsa lain dan Gospel (Injil) artinya menyebarkan agama Kristen ke penjuru dunia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1529&lt;br /&gt;Tentara khilafah berusaha menghentikan arus kolonialisme/imperialisme serta membalas reconquista langsung ke jantung Eropa dengan mengepung Wina, namun gagal. Tahun 1683 M kepungan diulang, dan gagal lagi. Kegagalan ini terutama karena tentara Islam terlalu yakin pada jumlah dan perlengkapannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“… yaitu ketika kamu menjadi congkak karena banyaknya jumlahmu, maka jumlah yang banyak itu tidak memberi manfaat kepadamu sedikitpun, dan bumi yang luas itu terasa sempit olehmu, kemudian kamu lari ke belakang dan bercerai-berai.” (QS 9:25).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1798&lt;br /&gt;Napoleon berpendapat bahwa bangsa Yahudi bisa diperalat bagi tujuan-tujuan Perancis di Timur Tengah. Wilayah itu secara resmi masih di bawah Khilafah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1831&lt;br /&gt;Untuk mendukung strategi “devide et impera” Perancis mendukung gerakan nasionalisme Arab, yakni Muhammad Ali di Mesir dan Pasya Basyir di Libanon. Khilafah mulai lemah dirongrong oleh semangat nasionalisme yang menular begitu cepat di tanah Arab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1835&lt;br /&gt;Sekelompok Yahudi membeli tanah di Palestina, dan lalu mendirikan sekolah Yahudi pertama di sana. Sponsornya adalah milyuder Yahudi di Inggris, Sir Moshe Monteveury, anggota Free Masonry. Ini adalah pertama kalinya sekolah berkurikulum asing di wilayah Khilafah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1838&lt;br /&gt;Inggris membuka konsulat di Yerusalem yang merupakan perwakilan Eropa pertama di Palestina.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1849&lt;br /&gt;Kampanye mendorong imigrasi orang Yahudi ke Palestina. Pada masa itu jumlah Yahudi di Palestina baru sekitar 12.000 orang. Pada tahun 1948 jumlahnya menjadi 716.700 dan pada tahun 1964 sudah hampir 3 juta orang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1882&lt;br /&gt;Imigrasi besar-besaran orang Yahudi ke Palestina yang berselubung agama, simpati dan kemanusiaan bagi penderitaan Yahudi di Eropa saat itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1891&lt;br /&gt;Para penduduk Palestina mengirim petisi ke Khalifah, menuntut dilarangnya imigrasi besar-besaran ras Yahudi ke Palestina. Sayang saat itu khilafah sudah “sakit-sakitan” (dijuluki “the sick man at Bosporus). Dekadensi pemikiran meluas, walau Sultan Abdul Hamid sempat membuat terobosan dengan memodernisir infrastruktur, termasuk memasang jalur kereta api dari Damaskus ke Madinah via Palestina! Sayang, sebelum selesai, Sultan Abdul Hamid dipecat oleh Syaikhul Islam (Hakim Agung) yang telah dipegaruhi oleh Inggris. Perang Dunia I meletus, dan jalur kereta tersebut dihancurkan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1897&lt;br /&gt;Theodore Herzl menggelar kongres Zionis sedunia di Basel Swiss. Peserta Kongres I Zionis mengeluarkan resolusi, bahwa umat Yahudi tidaklah sekedar umat beragama, namun adalah bangsa dengan tekad bulat untuk hidup secara berbangsa dan bernegara. Dalam resolusi itu, kaum zionis menuntut tanah air bagi umat Yahudi – walaupun secara rahasia – pada “tanah yang bersejarah bagi mereka”. Sebelumnya Inggris hampir menjanjikan tanah protektorat Uganda atau di Amerika Latin ! Di kongres itu, Herzl menyebut, Zionisme adalah jawaban bagi “diskriminasi dan penindasan” atas umat Yahudi yang telah berlangsung ratusan tahun. Pergerakan ini mengenang kembali bahwa nasib umat Yahudi hanya bisa diselesaikan di tangan umat Yahudi sendiri. Di depan kongres, Herzl berkata, “Dalam 50 tahun akan ada negara Yahudi !” Apa yang direncanakan Herzl menjadi kenyataan pada tahun 1948.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1916&lt;br /&gt;Perjanjian rahasia Sykes – Picot oleh sekutu (Inggris, Perancis, Rusia) dibuat saat meletusnya Perang Dunia (PD) I, untuk mencengkeram wilayah-wilayah Arab dan Khalifah Utsmaniyah dan membagi-bagi di antara mereka. PD I berakhir dengan kemenangan sekutu, Inggris mendapat kontrol atas Palestina. Di PD I ini, Yahudi Jerman berkomplot dengan Sekutu untuk tujuan mereka sendiri (memiliki pengaruh atau kekuasaan yang lebih besar).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1917&lt;br /&gt;Menlu Inggris keturunan Yahudi, Arthur James Balfour, dalam deklarasi Balfour memberitahu pemimpin Zionis Inggris, Lord Rothschild, bahwa Inggris akan memperkokoh pemukiman Yahudi di Palestina dalam membantu pembentukan tanah air Yahudi. Lima tahun kemudian Liga Bangsa-bangsa (cikal bakal PBB) memberi mandat kepada Inggris untuk menguasai Palestina.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1938&lt;br /&gt;Nazi Jerman menganggap bahwa pengkhianatan Yahudi Jerman adalah biang keladi kekalahan mereka pada PD I yang telah menghancurkan ekonomi Jerman. Maka mereka perlu “penyelesaian terakhir” (endivsung). Ratusan ribu keturunan Yahudi dikirim ke kamp konsentrasi atau lari ke luar negeri (terutama ke AS). Sebenarnya ada etnis lain serta kaum intelektual yang berbeda politik dengan Nazi yang bernasib sama, namun setelah PD II Yahudi lebih berhasil menjual ceritanya karena menguasai banyak surat kabar atau kantor-kantor berita di dunia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1944&lt;br /&gt;Partai buruh Inggris yang sedang berkuasa secara terbuka memaparkan politik “membiarkan orang-orang Yahudi terus masuk ke Palestina, jika mereka ingin jadi mayoritas. Masuknya mereka akan mendorong keluarnya pribumi Arab dari sana.” Kondisi Palestina pun memanas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1947&lt;br /&gt;PBB merekomendasikan pemecahan Palestina menjadi dua negara: Arab dan Israel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1948, 14 Mei.&lt;br /&gt;Sehari sebelum habisnya perwalian Inggris di Palestina, para pemukim Yahudi memproklamirkan kemerdekaan negara Israel. Mereka melakukan agresi bersenjata terhadap rakyat Palestina yang masih lemah, hingga jutaan dari mereka terpaksa mengungsi ke Libanon, Yordania, Syria, Mesir dan lain-lain. Palestina Refugees menjadi tema dunia. Namun mereka menolak eksistensi Palestina dan menganggap mereka telah memajukan areal yang semula kosong dan terbelakang. Timbullah perang antara Israel dan negara-negara Arab tetangganya. Namun karena para pemimpin Arab sebenarnya ada di bawah pengaruh Inggris – lihat Imperialisme Perancis dan Inggris di tanah Arab sejak tahun 1798 – maka Israel mudah merebut daerah Arab Palestina yang telah ditetapkan PBB.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1948, 2 Desember&lt;br /&gt;Protes keras Liga Arab atas tindakan AS dan sekutunya berupa dorongan dan fasilitas yang mereka berikan bagi imigrasi zionis ke Palestina. Pada waktu itu, Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) di bawah Hasan Al-Banna mengirim 10.000 mujahidin untuk berjihad melawan Israel. Usaha ini kandas bukan karena mereka dikalahkan Israel, namun karena Raja Farouk yang korup dari Mesir takut bahwa di dalam negeri IM bisa melakukan kudeta, akibatnya tokoh-tokoh IM dipenjara atau dihukum mati.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1956, 29 Oktober&lt;br /&gt;Israel dibantu Inggris dan Perancis menyerang Sinai untuk menguasai terusan Suez. Pada kurun waktu ini, militer di Yordania menawarkan baiat ke Hizbut Tahrir (salah satu harakah Islam) untuk mendirikan kembali Khilafah. Namun Hizbut Tahrir menolak, karena melihat rakyat belum siap.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1964&lt;br /&gt;Para pemimpin Arab membentuk PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization). Dengan ini secara resmi, nasib Palestina diserahkan ke pundak bangsa Arab-Palestina sendiri, dan tidak lagi urusan umat Islam. Masalah Palestina direduksi menjadi persoalan nasional bangsa Palestina.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1967&lt;br /&gt;Israel menyerang Mesir, Yordania dan Syria selama 6 hari dengan dalih pencegahan, Israel berhasil merebut Sinai dan Jalur Gaza (Mesir), dataran tinggi Golan (Syria), Tepi Barat dan Yerussalem (Yordania). Israel dengan mudah menghancurkan angkatan udara musuhnya karena dibantu informasi dari CIA (Central Intelligence Agency = Badan Intelijen Pusat milik USA). Sementara itu angkatan udara Mesir ragu membalas serangan Israel, karena Menteri Pertahanan Mesir ikut terbang dan memerintahkan untuk tidak melakukan tembakan selama dia ada di udara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1967, Nopember&lt;br /&gt;Dewan Keamanan PBB mengeluarkan Resolusi Nomor 242, untuk perintah penarikan mundur Israel dari wilayah yang direbutnya dalam perang 6 hari, pengakuan semua negara di kawasan itu, dan penyelesaian secara adil masalah pengungsi Palestina.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1969&lt;br /&gt;Yasser Arafat dari faksi Al-Fatah terpilih sebagai ketua Komite Eksekutif PLO dengan markas di Yordania.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1970&lt;br /&gt;Berbagai pembajakan pesawat sebagai publikasi perjuangan rakyat Palestina membuat PLO dikecam oleh opini dunia, dan Yordania pun dikucilkan. Karena ekonomi Yordania sangat tergantung dari AS, maka akhirnya Raja Husein mengusir markas PLO dari Yordania. Dan akhirnya PLO pindah ke Libanon.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1973, 6 Oktober&lt;br /&gt;Mesir dan Syria menyerang pasukan Israel di Sinai dan dataran tinggi Golan pada hari puasanya Yahudi Yom Kippur. Pertempuran ini dikenal dengan Perang Oktober. Mesir dan Syria hampir menang, kalau Israel tidak tiba-tiba dibantu oleh AS. Presiden Mesir Anwar Sadat terpaksa berkompromi, karena dia cuma siap untuk melawan Israel, namun tidak siap berhadapan dengan AS. Arab membalas kekalahan itu dengan menutup keran minyak. Akibatnya harga minyak melonjak pesat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1973, 22 Oktober&lt;br /&gt;Dewan Keamanan PBB mengeluarkan resolusi Nomor 338, untuk gencatan senjata, pelaksanaan resolusi Nomor 242 dan perundingan damai di Timur Tengah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1977&lt;br /&gt;Pertimbangan ekonomi (perang telah memboroskan kas negara) membuat Anwar Sadat pergi ke Israel tanpa konsultasi dengan Liga Arab. Ia menawarkan perdamaian, jika Israel mengembalikan seluruh Sinai. Negara-negara Arab merasa dikhianati. Karena langkah politiknya ini, belakangan Anwar Sadat dibunuh pada tahun 1982.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1978, September&lt;br /&gt;Mesir dan Israel menandatangani perjanjian Camp David yang diprakarsai AS. Perjanjian itu menjanjikan otonomi terbatas kepada rakyat Palestina di wilayah-wilayah pendudukan Israel. Sadat dan PM Israel Menachem Begin dianugerahi Nobel Perdamaian 1979. namun Israel tetap menolak perundingan dengan PLO dan PLO menolak otonomi. Belakangan, otonomi versi Camp David ini tidak pernah diwujudkan, demikian juga otonomi versi lainnya. Dan AS sebagai pemrakarsanya juga tidak merasa wajib memberi sanksi, bahkan selalu memveto resolusi PBB yang tidak menguntungkan pihak Israel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1980&lt;br /&gt;Israel secara sepihak menyatakan bahwa mulai musim panas 1980 kota Yerussalem yang didudukinya itu resmi sebagai ibukota.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1982&lt;br /&gt;Israel menyerang Libanon dan membantai ratusan pengungsi Palestina di Sabra dan Shatila. Pelanggaran terhadap batas-batas internasional ini tidak berhasil dibawa ke forum PBB karena – lagi-lagi – veto dari AS. Belakangan Israel juga dengan enaknya melakukan serangkaian pemboman atas instalasi militer dan sipil di Iraq, Libya dan Tunis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1987&lt;br /&gt;Intifadhah, perlawanan dengan batu oleh orang-orang Palestina yang tinggal di daerah pendudukan terhadap tentara Israel mulai meledak. Intifadhah ini diprakarsai oleh HAMAS, suatu harakah Islam yang memulai aktivitasnya dengan pendidikan dan sosial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1988, 15 Nopember&lt;br /&gt;Diumumkan berdirinya negara Palestina di Aljiria, ibu kota Aljazair. Dengan bentuk negara Republik Parlementer. Ditetapkan bahwa Yerussalem Timur sebagai ibukota negara dengan Presiden pertamanya adalah Yasser Arafat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah Yasser Arafat mangkat kursi presiden diduduki oleh Mahmud Abbas. Dewan Nasional Palestina, yang identik dengan Parlemen Palestina beranggotakan 500 orang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1988, Desember&lt;br /&gt;AS membenarkan pembukaan dialog dengan PLO setelah Arafat secara tidak langsung mengakui eksistensi Israel dengan menuntut realisasi resolusi PBB Nomor 242 pada waktu memproklamirkan Republik Palestina di pengasingan di Tunis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1991, Maret&lt;br /&gt;Yasser Arafat menikahi Suha, seorang wanita Kristen. Sebelumnya Arafat selalu mengatakan “menikah dengan revolusi Palestina”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1993, September&lt;br /&gt;PLO – Israel saling mengakui eksistensi masing-masing dan Israel berjanji memberikan hak otonomi kepada PLO di daerah pendudukan. Motto Israel adalah “land for peace” (tanah untuk perdamaian). Pengakuan itu dikecam keras oleh pihak ultra-kanan Israel maupun kelompok di Palestina yang tidak setuju. Namun negara-negara Arab (Saudi Arabia, Mesir, Emirat dan Yordania) menyambut baik perjanjian itu. Mufti Mesir dan Saudi mengeluarkan “fatwa” untuk mendukung perdamaian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah kekuasaan di daerah pendudukan dialihkan ke PLO, maka sesuai perjanjian dengan Israel, PLO harus mengatasi segala aksi-aksi anti Israel. Dengan ini maka sebenarnya PLO dijadikan perpanjangan tangan Yahudi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yasser Arafat, Yitzak Rabin dan Shimon Peres mendapat Nobel Perdamaian atas usahanya tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1995&lt;br /&gt;Rabin dibunuh oleh Yigar Amir, seorang Yahudi fanatik. Sebelumnya, di Hebron, seorang Yahudi fanatik membantai puluhan Muslim yang sedang shalat subuh. Hampir tiap orang dewasa di Israel, laki-laki maupun wanita, pernah mendapat latihan dan melakukan wajib militer. Gerakan Palestina yang menuntut kemerdekaan total menteror ke tengah masyarakat Israel dengan bom “bunuh diri”. Targetnya, menggagalkan usaha perdamaian yang tidak adil itu. Sebenarnya “land for peace” diartikan Israel sebagai “Israel dapat tanah, dan Arab Palestina tidak diganggu (bisa hidup damai).”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1996&lt;br /&gt;Pemilu di Israel dimenangkan secara tipis oleh Netanyahu dari partai kanan, yang berarti kemenangan Yahudi yang anti perdamaian. Netanyahu mengulur-ulur waktu pelaksanaan perjanjian perdamaian. Ia menolak adanya negara Palestina, agar Palestina tetap sekedar daerah otonom di dalam Israel. Ia bahkan ingin menunggu/menciptakan kontelasi baru (pemukiman Yahudi di daerah pendudukan, bila perlu perluasan hingga ke Syria dan Yordania) untuk sama sekali membuat perjanjian baru.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AS tidak senang bahwa Israel jalan sendiri di luar garis yang ditetapkannya. Namun karena lobby Yahudi di AS terlalu kuat, maka Bill Clinton harus memakai agen-agennya di negara-negara Arab untuk “mengingatkan” si “anak emasnya” ini. Maka sikap negara-negara Arab tiba-tiba kembali memusuhi Israel. Mufti Mesir malah kini memfatwakan jihad terhadap Israel. Sementara itu Uni Eropa (terutama Inggris dan Perancis) juga mencoba “aktif” menjadi penengah, yang sebenarnya juga hanya untuk kepentingan masing-masing dalam rangka menanamkan pengaruhnya di wilayah itu. Mereka juga tidak rela kalau AS “jalan sendiri” tanpa bicara dengan Eropa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2002 - Sampai sekarang&lt;br /&gt;Sebuah usul perdamaian saat ini adalah Peta menuju perdamaian yang diajukan oleh Empat Serangkai Uni Eropa, Rusia, PBB dan Amerika Serikat pada 17 September 2002. Israel juga telah menerima peta itu namun dengan 14 “reservasi”. Pada saat ini Israel sedang menerapkan sebuah rencana pemisahan diri yang kontroversial yang diajukan oleh Perdana Menteri Ariel Sharon. Menurut rencana yang diajukan kepada AS, Israel menyatakan bahwa ia akan menyingkirkan seluruh “kehadiran sipil dan militer yang permanen” di Jalur Gaza (yaitu 21 pemukiman Yahudi di sana, dan 4 pemumikan di Tepi Barat), namun akan “mengawasi dan mengawal kantong-kantong eksternal di darat, akan mempertahankan kontrol eksklusif di wilayah udara Gaza, dan akan terus melakukan kegiatan militer di wilayah laut dari Jalur Gaza.” Pemerintah Israel berpendapat bahwa “akibatnya, tidak akan ada dasar untuk mengklaim bahwa Jalur Gaza adalah wilayah pendudukan,” sementara yang lainnya berpendapat bahwa, apabila pemisahan diri itu terjadi, akibat satu-satunya ialah bahwa Israel “akan diizinkan untuk menyelesaikan tembok – artinya, Penghalang Tepi Barat Israel – dan mempertahankan situasi di Tepi Barat seperti adanya sekarang ini”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di hari kemenangan Partai Kadima pada pemilu tanggal 28 Maret 2006 di Israel, Ehud Olmert – yang kemudian diangkat sebagai Perdana Menteri Israel menggantikan Ariel Sharon yang berhalangan tetap karena sakit – berpidato. Dalam pidato kemenangan partainya, Olmert berjanji untuk menjadikan Israel negara yang adil, kuat, damai, dan makmur, menghargai hak-hak kaum minoritas, mementingkan pendidikan, kebudayaan dan ilmu pengetahuan serta terutama sekali berjuang untuk mencapai perdamaian yang kekal dan pasti dengan bangsa Palestina. Olmert menyatakan bahwa sebagaimana Israel bersedia berkompromi untuk perdamaian, ia mengharapkan bangsa Palestina pun harus fleksibel dengan posisi mereka. Ia menyatakan bahwa bila Otoritas Palestina, yang kini dipimpin Hamas, menolak mengakui Negara Israel, maka Israel “akan menentukan nasibnya di tangannya sendiri” dan secara langsung menyiratkan aksi sepihak. Masa depan pemerintahan koalisi ini sebagian besar tergantung pada niat baik partai-partai lain untuk bekerja sama dengan perdana menteri yang baru terpilih.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sementara itu sebelum terjadinya serangan habis-habisan Israel ke Gaza (27/12/2008), sudah terjadi serangan-serangan kecil di antara kedua belah pihak di sekitar Jalur Gaza, disebabkan Israel menutup tempat-tempat penyeberangan atau jalur komersial ke Gaza sehingga pasokan bahan bakar minyak terhenti, yang memaksa satu-satunya pusat pembangkit listrik di Jalur Gaza tutup.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sebagai catatan akhir, Perdana Menteri Israel setelah Benjamin Netanyahu berutur-turut adalah Ehud Barak, Ariel Sharon, dan yang masih berkuasa di Israel dalam penyerangan di Gaza sekarang adalah Ehud Olmert. Sedangkan 4 faksi utama di Palestina adalah PLO, Al-Fatah, Jihad Islam Palestina (JIP), dan yang berkuasa sekarang di Palestina adalah Hamas dengan Perdana Menterinya Ismail Haniya. Dan gambar peta (klik di sini) yang menggambarkan hilangnya tanah Palestina yang dicaplok oleh Israel sejak tahun 1946 sampai dengan tahun 2000. Lihat posisi Gaza yang terjepit di daerah kekuasaan Israel.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-5283956719487695871?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/5283956719487695871/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/sejarah-konflik-palestina-israel-dari.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5283956719487695871'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5283956719487695871'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/sejarah-konflik-palestina-israel-dari.html' title='Sejarah Konflik Palestina – Israel dari Masa ke Masa'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-3233811201106285599</id><published>2009-01-31T01:24:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-07T07:01:47.137-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RELIGION'/><title type='text'>Jalaluddin Rumi</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2iNxGqlLI/AAAAAAAAACo/Ckmez2bMKL8/s1600-h/dietrich_rumi.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 382px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2iNxGqlLI/AAAAAAAAACo/Ckmez2bMKL8/s400/dietrich_rumi.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300070693888234674" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi Muhammad bin Hasin al Khattabi al-Bakri (Jalaluddin Rumi) atau sering pula disebut dengan nama Rumi adalah seorang penyair sufi yang lahir di Balkh (sekarang Afganistan) pada tanggal 6 Rabiul Awwal tahun 604 Hijriah, atau tanggal 30 September 1207 Masehi. Ayahnya masih keturunan Abu Bakar, bernama Bahauddin Walad. Sedang ibunya berasal dari keluarga kerajaan Khwarazm. Ayah Rumi seorang cendekia yang saleh, mistikus yang berpandangan ke depan, seorang guru yang terkenal di Balkh. Saat Rumi berusia 3 tahun karena adanya bentrok di kerajaan maka keluarganya meninggalkan Balkh menuju Khorasan. Dari sana Rumi dibawa pindah ke Nishapur, tempat kelahiran penyair dan alhi matematika Omar Khayyam. Di kota ini Rumi bertemu dengan Attar yang meramalkan si bocah pengungsi ini kelak akan masyhur yang akan menyalakan api gairah Ketuhanan.&lt;br /&gt;Karya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kumpulan puisi Rumi yang terkenal bernama al-Matsnawi al-Maknawi konon adalah sebuah revolusi terhadap Ilmu Kalam yang kehilangan semangat dan kekuatannya. Isinya juga mengeritik langkah dan arahan filsafat yang cenderung melampaui batas, mengebiri perasaan dan mengkultuskan rasio.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diakui, bahwa puisi Rumi memiliki ciri khas tersendiri dibandingkan para sufi penyair lainnya. Melalui puisi-puisinya Rumi menyampaikan bahwa pemahaman atas dunia hanya mungkin didapat lewat cinta, bukan semata-mata lewat kerja fisik. Dalam puisinya Rumi juga menyampaikan bahwa Tuhan, sebagai satu-satunya tujuan, tidak ada yang menyamai.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ciri khas lain yang membedakan puisi Rumi dengan karya sufi penyair lain adalah seringnya ia memulai puisinya dengan menggunakan kisah-kisah. Tapi hal ini bukan dimaksud ia ingin menulis puisi naratif. Kisah-kisah ini digunakan sebagai alat pernyataan pikiran dan ide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Banyak dijumpai berbagai kisah dalam satu puisi Rumi yang tampaknya berlainan namun nyatanya memiliki kesejajaran makna simbolik. Beberapa tokoh sejarah yang ia tampilkan bukan dalam maksud kesejarahan, namun ia menampilkannya sebagai imaji-imaji simbolik. Tokoh-tokoh semisal Yusuf, Musa, Yakub, Isa dan lain-lain ia tampilkan sebagai lambang dari keindahan jiwa yang mencapai ma'rifat. Dan memang tokoh-tokoh tersebut terkenal sebagai pribadi yang diliputi oleh cinta Ilahi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Salah satu karyanya yang paling terkenal adalah :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;jangan tanya apa agamaku. aku bukan yahudi. bukan zoroaster. bukan pula islam. karena aku tahu, begitu suatu nama kusebut, kau akan memberikan arti yang lain daripada makna yang hidup di hatiku.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-3233811201106285599?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/3233811201106285599/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/jalaluddin-rumi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3233811201106285599'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3233811201106285599'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/jalaluddin-rumi.html' title='Jalaluddin Rumi'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2iNxGqlLI/AAAAAAAAACo/Ckmez2bMKL8/s72-c/dietrich_rumi.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-7735700657209484458</id><published>2009-01-31T01:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-07T07:05:46.043-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RELIGION'/><title type='text'>Mansur Al-Hallaj</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2jMHNYmfI/AAAAAAAAACw/MI9EwfjD0Hk/s1600-h/hallaj.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 293px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2jMHNYmfI/AAAAAAAAACw/MI9EwfjD0Hk/s400/hallaj.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300071764973885938" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Husain ibn Mansur al-Hallaj atau biasa disebut dengan Al-Hallaj adalah salah seorang ulama sufi yang dilahirkan di kota Thur yang bercorak Arab di kawasan Baidhah, Iran Tenggara, pada tanggal 26 Maret 866M. Ia merupakan seorang keturuna Persia. Kakeknya adalah seorang penganut Zoroaster dan ayahnya memeluk islam. Al-Hallaj merupakan syekh sufi abad ke-9 dan ke-10 yang paling terkenal. Ia terkenal karena berkata: "Akulah Kebenaran", ucapan yang membuatnya dieksekusi secara brutal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bagi sebagian ulama islam, kematian ini dijustifikasi dengan alasan bid'ah, sebab Islam tidak menerima pandangan bahwa seorang manusia bisa bersatu dengan Allah dan karena Kebenaran (Al-Haqq) adalah salah satu nama Allah, maka ini berarti bahwa al-Hallaj menyatakan ketuhanannya sendiri. Kaum sufi sejaman dengan al-Hallaj juga terkejut oleh pernyataannya, karena mereka yakin bahwa seorang sufi semestinya tidak boleh mengungkapkan segenap pengalaman batiniahnya kepada orang lain. Mereka berpandangan bahwa al-Hallaj tidak mampu menyembunyikan berbagai misteri atau rahasia Ilahi, dan eksekusi atas dirinya adalah akibat dari kemurkaan Allah lantaran ia telah mengungkapkan segenap kerahasiaan tersebut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meskipun al-Hallaj tidak punya banyak pendukung di kalangan kaum sufi sezamannya, hampir semua syekh sufi sesungguhnya memuji dirinya dan berbagai pelajaran yang diajarkannya. Aththar, dalam karyanya Tadzkirah al-Awliya, menyuguhkan kepada kita banyak legenda seputar al-Hallaj. Dalam komentarnya, ia menyatakan, "Saya heran bahwa kita bisa menerima semak belukar terbakar (yakni, mengacu pada percakapan Allah dengan nabi Musa as) yang menyatakan Aku adalah Allah, serta meyakini bahwa kata-kata itu adalah kata-kata Allah, tapi kita tidak bisa menerima ucapan al-Hallaj, 'Akulah Kebenaran', padahal itu kata-kata Allah sendiri!". Di dalam syair epiknya, Matsnawi, Rumi mengatakan, "Kata-kata 'Akulah Kebenaran' adalah pancaran cahaya di bibir Manshur, sementara Akulah Tuhan yang berasal dari Fir'aun adalah kezaliman."&lt;br /&gt;Kehidupan Al-Hallaj&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[sunting]&lt;br /&gt;Masa kanak-kanak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al-Hallaj di lahirkan di kota Thur yang bercorak Arab di kawasan Baidhah, Iran tenggara, pada 866M. Berbeda dengan keyakinan umum, ia bukan orang Arab, melainkan keturunan Persia. Kakeknya adalah seorang penganut Zoroaster dan ayahnya memeluk islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ketika al-Hallaj masih kanak-kanak, ayahnya, seorang penggaru kapas (penggaru adalah seorang yang bekerja menyisir dan memisahkan kapas dari bijinya). Bepergian bolak-balik antara Baidhah, Wasith, sebuah kota dekat Ahwaz dan Tustar. Dipandang sebagai pusat tekstil pada masa itu, kota-kota ini terletak di tapal batas bagian barat Iran, dekat dengan pusat-pusat penting seperti Bagdad, Bashrah, dan Kufah. Pada masa itu, orang-orang Arab menguasai kawasan ini, dan kepindahan keluarganya berarti mencabut, sampai batas tertentu, akar budaya al-Hallaj.&lt;br /&gt;Masa remaja&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di usia sangat muda, ia mulai mempelajari tata bahasa Arab, membaca Al-Qur'an dan tafsir serta teologi. Ketika berusia 16 tahun, ia merampungkan studinya, tapi merasakan kebutuhan untuk menginternalisasikan apa yang telah dipelajarinya. Seorang pamannya bercerita kepadanya tentang Sahl at-Tustari, seorang sufi berani dan independen yang menurut hemat pamannya, menyebarkan ruh hakiki Islam. Sahl adalah seorang sufi yang mempunyai kedudukan spiritual tinggi dan terkenal karena tafsir Al-Qur'annya. Ia mengamalkan secara ketat tradisi Nabi dan praktek-praktek kezuhudan keras semisal puasa dan shalat sunnat sekitar empat ratus rakaat sehari. Al-Hallaj pindah ke Tustar untuk berkhidmat dan mengabdi kepada sufi ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dua tahun kemudian, al-Hallaj tiba-tiba meninggalkan Sahl dan pindah ke Bashrah. Di Bashrah, ia berjumpa dengan Amr al-Makki yang secara formal mentahbiskannya dalam tasawuf. Amr adalah murid Junaid, seorang sufi paling berpengaruh saat itu. Al-Hallaj bergaul dengn Amr selama delapan belas bulan. Akhirnya ia meninggalkan Amr juga.&lt;br /&gt;Ibadah haji&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada tahun 892M, Al-Hallaj memutuskan untuk menunaikan ibadah haji ke Mekah. Kaum Muslimin diwajibkan menunaikan ibadah ini sekurang-kurangnya sekali selama hidup (bagi mereka yang mampu). Namun ibadah haji yang dilakukan al-Hallaj tidaklah biasa, melainkan berlangsung selama setahun penuh, dan setiap hari dihabiskannya dengan puasa dari siang hingga malam hari. Tujuan al-Hallaj melakukan praktek kezuhudan keras seperti ini adalah menyucikan hatinya menundukkannya kepada Kehendak Ilahi sedemikian rupa agar dirinya benar-benar sepenuhnya diliputi oleh Allah. Ia pulang dari menunaikan ibadah haji dengan membawa pikiran-pikiran baru tentang berbagai topik seperti inspirasi Ilahi, dan ia membahas pikiran-pikiran ini dengan para sufi lainnya. Diantaranya adalah Amr al-Makki dan juga Junaid.&lt;br /&gt;Menjadi guru&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Usai membahas pemikirannya dengan sufi-sufi lain, banyak reaksi baik positif maupun negatif yang diterima oleh Al-Hajjaj yang kemudian memberinya keputusan untuk kembali ke Bashrah. Ketika al-Hallaj kembali ke Bashrah, ia memulai mengajar, memberi kuliah, dan menarik sejumlah besar murid. Namun pikiran-pikirannya bertentangan dengan ayah mertuanya. Walhasil, hubungan merekapun memburuk, dan ayah mertuanya sama sekali tidak mau mengakuinya. Ia pun kembali ke Tustar, bersama dengan istri dan adik iparnya, yang masih setia kepadanya. Di Tustar ia terus mengajar dan meraih keberhasilan gemilang. Akan tetapi, Amr al-Makki yang tidak bisa melupakan konflik mereka, mengirimkan surat kepada orang-orang terkemuka di Ahwaz dengan menuduh dan menjelek-jelekkan nama al-Hallaj, situasinya makin memburuk sehingga al-Hallaj memutuskan untuk menjauhkan diri dan tidak lagi bergaul dengan kaum sufi. Sebaliknya ia malah terjun dalam kancah hingar-bingar dan hiruk-pikuk duniawi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al-Hallaj meninggalkan jubah sufi selama beberapa tahun, tapi tetap terus mencari Tuhan. Pada 899M, ia berangkat mengadakan pengembaraan apostolik pertamanya ke batasan timur laut negeri itu, kemudian menuju selatan, dan akhirnya kembali lagi ke Ahwaz pada 902M. Dalam perjalanannya, ia berjumpa dengan guru-guru spiritual dari berbagai macam tradisi di antaranya, Zoroastrianisme dan Manicheanisme. Ia juga mengenal dan akrab dengan berbagai terminologi yang mereka gunakan, yang kemudian digunakannya dalam karya-karyanya belakangan. Ketika ia tiba kembali di Tustar, ia mulai lagi mengajar dan memberikan kuliah. Ia berceramah tentang berbagai rahasia alam semesta dan tentang apa yang terbersit dalam hati jamaahnya. Akibatnya ia dijuluki Hallaj al-Asrar (kata Asrar bisa bermakna rahasia atau kalbu. Jadi al-Hallaj adalah sang penggaru segenap rahasia atau Kalbu, karena Hallaj berarti seorang penggaru) ia menarik sejumlah besar pengikut, namun kata-katanya yang tidak lazim didengar itu membuat sejumlah ulama tertentu takut, dan ia pun dituduh sebagai dukun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setahun kemudian, ia menunaikan ibadah haji kedua. Kali ini ia menunaikan ibadah haji sebagai seorang guru disertai empat ratus pengikutnya. Sesudah melakukan perjalanan ini, ia memutuskan meninggalkan Tustar untuk selamanya dan bermukim di Baghdad, tempat tinggal sejumlah sufi terkenal, ia bersahabat dengan dua diantaranya mereka, Nuri dan Syibli.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada 906M, ia memutuskan untuk mengemban tugas mengislamkan orang-orang Turki dan orang-orang kafir. Ia berlayar menuju India selatan, pergi keperbatasan utara wilayah Islam, dan kemudian kembali ke Bagdad. Perjalanan ini berlangsung selama enam tahun dan semakin membuatnya terkenal di setiap tempat yang dikunjunginya. Jumlah pengikutnya makin bertambah.&lt;br /&gt;Akulah Kebenaran!' dan hari-hari terakhir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tahun 913M adalah titik balik bagi karya spiritualnya. Pada 912M ia pergi menunaikan ibadah haji untuk ketiga kalinya dan terakhir kali, yang berlangsung selama dua tahun, dan berakhir dengan diraihnya kesadaran tentang Kebenaran. Di akhir 913M inilah ia merasa bahwa hijab-hijab ilusi telah terangkat dan tersingkap, yang menyebabkan dirinya bertatap muka dengan sang Kebenaran (Al-Haqq). Di saat inilah ia mengucapkan, "Akulah Kebenaran" (Ana Al-Haqq) dalam keadaan ekstase. Perjumpaan ini membangkitkan dalam dirinya keinginan dan hasrat untuk menyaksikan cinta Allah pada menusia dengan menjadi "hewan kurban". Ia rela dihukum bukan hanya demi dosa-dosa yang dilakukan setiap muslim, melainkan juga demi dosa-dosa segenap manusia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di jalan-jalan kota Baghdad, dipasar, dan di masjid-masjid, seruan aneh pun terdengar: "Wahai kaum muslimin, bantulah aku! Selamatkan aku dari Allah! Wahai manusia, Allah telah menghalalkanmu untuk menumpahkan darahku, bunuhlah aku, kalian semua bakal memperoleh pahala, dan aku akan datang dengan suka rela. Aku ingin si terkutuk ini (menunjuk pada dirinya sendiri) dibunuh." Kemudian, al-Hallaj berpaling pada Allah seraya berseru, "Ampunilah mereka, tapi hukumlah aku atas dosa-dosa mereka."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tetapi, kata-kata ini justru mengilhami orang-orang untuk menuntut adanya perbaikan dalam kehidupan dan masyarakat mereka. Lingkungan sosial dan politik waktu itu menimbulkan banyak ketidakpuasan di kalangan masyarakat. Orang banyak menuntut agar khalifah menegakkan kewajiban yang diembannya. Sementara itu, yang lain menuntut adanya pembaruan dan perubahan dalam masyarakat sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tak pelak lagi, al-Hallaj pun punya banyak sahabat dan musuh di dalam maupun di luar istana khalifah. Para pemimpin oposisi, yang kebanyakan adalah murid al-Hallaj, memandangnya sebagai Imam Mahdi atau juru selamat. Para pendukungnya di kalangan pemerintahan melindunginya sedemikian rupa sehingga ia bisa membantu mengadakan pembaruan sosial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada akhirnya, keberpihakan al-Hallaj berikut pandangan-pandangannya tentang agama, menyebabkan dirinya berada dalam posisi berseberangan dengan kelas penguasa. Pada 918M, ia diawasi, dan pada 923M ia ditangkap.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al-Hallaj dipenjara selama hampir sembilan tahun. Selama itu ia terjebak dalam baku sengketa antara segenap sahabat dan musuhnya. Serangkaian pemberontakan dan kudeta pun meletus di Baghdad. Ia dan sahabat-sahabatnya disalahkan dan dituduh sebagai penghasut. Berbagai peristiwa ini menimbulkan pergulatan kekuasaan yang keras di kalangan istana khalifah. Akhirnya, wazir khalifah, musuh bebuyutan al-Hallaj berada di atas angin, sebagai unjuk kekuasaan atas musuh-musuhnya ia menjatuhkan hukuman mati atas al-Hallaj dan memerintahkan agar ia dieksekusi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Akhirnya, al-Hallaj disiksa di hadapan orang banyak dan dihukum di atas tiang gantungan dengan kaki dan tangannya terpotong. Kepalanya dipenggal sehari kemudian dan sang wazir sendiri hadir dalam peristiwa itu. Sesudah kepalanya terpenggal, tubuhnya disiram minyak dan dibakar. Debunya kemudian dibawa ke menara di tepi sungai Tigris dan diterpa angin serta hanyut di sungai itu.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-7735700657209484458?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/7735700657209484458/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/mansur-al-hallaj.html#comment-form' title='1 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7735700657209484458'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7735700657209484458'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/mansur-al-hallaj.html' title='Mansur Al-Hallaj'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2jMHNYmfI/AAAAAAAAACw/MI9EwfjD0Hk/s72-c/hallaj.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-226329498315265798</id><published>2009-01-31T01:16:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T01:19:36.879-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RELIGION'/><title type='text'>Syekh Abdul Qadir Jaelani</title><content type='html'>Syekh Abdul Qodir al Jaelani (bernama lengkap Muhyi al Din Abu Muhammad Abdul Qodir ibn Abi Shalih Zango Dost al Jaelani). Lahir di Jailan atau Kailan tahun 470 H/1077 M sehingga di akhir nama beliau ditambahkan kata al Jailani atau al Kailani atau juga al Jiliydan. Biografi beliau dimuat dalam Kitab الذيل على طبق الحنابلة Adz Dzail ‘Ala Thabaqil Hanabilah I/301-390, nomor 134, karya Imam Ibnu Rajab al Hambali. Beliau wafat pada hari Sabtu malam, setelah magrib, pada tanggal 9 Rabiul Akhir di daerah Babul Azajwafat di Baghdad pada 561 H/1166 M.&lt;br /&gt;Masa Muda&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam usia 8 tahun ia sudah meninggalkan Jilan menuju Baghdad pada tahun 488 H/1095 M. Karena tidak diterima belajar di Madrasah Nizhamiyah Baghdad, yang waktu itu dipimpin Ahmad al Ghazali, yang menggantikan saudaranya Abu Hamid al Ghazali. Di Baghdad beliau belajar kepada beberapa orang ulama seperti Ibnu Aqil, Abul Khatthat, Abul Husein al Farra’ dan juga Abu Sa’ad al Muharrimi. Belaiu menimba ilmu pada ulama-ulama tersebut hingga mampu menguasai ilmu-ilmu ushul dan juga perbedaan-perbedaan pendapat para ulama. Dengan kemampuan itu, Abu Sa’ad al Mukharrimi yang membangun sekolah kecil-kecilan di daerah Babul Azaj menyerahkan pengelolaan sekolah itu sepenuhnya kepada Syeikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani. Beliau mengelola sekolah ini dengan sungguh-sungguh. Bermukim di sana sambil memberikan nasehat kepada orang-orang di sekitar sekolah tersebut. Banyak orang yang bertaubat setelah mendengar nasehat beliau. Banyak pula orang yang bersimpati kepada beliau, lalu datang menimba ilmu di sekolah beliau hingga sekolah itu tidak mampu menampung lagi.&lt;br /&gt;Murid-Murid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Murid-murid beliau banyak yang menjadi ulama terkenal, seperti al Hafidz Abdul Ghani yang menyusun kitab Umdatul Ahkam Fi Kalami Khairil Anam, Syeikh Qudamah, penyusun kitab fiqh terkenal al Mughni.&lt;br /&gt;Perkataan Ulama tentang Beliau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syeikh Ibnu Qudamah sempat tinggal bersama beliau selama satu bulan sembilan hari. Kesempatan ini digunakan untuk belajar kepada Syeikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani sampai beliau meninggal dunia. (Siyar A’lamin Nubala XX/442).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syeikh Ibnu Qudamah rahimahullah ketika ditanya tentang Syeikh Abdul Qadir menjawab, ”Kami sempat berjumpa dengan beliau di akhir masa kehidupannya. Beliau menempatkan kami di sekolahnya. Beliau sangat perhatian terhadap kami. Kadang beliau mengutus putra beliau yang bernama Yahya untuk menyalakan lampu buat kami. Beliau senantiasa menjadi imam dalam shalat fardhu.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beliau adalah seorang yang berilmu, beraqidah Ahlu Sunnah, dan mengikuti jalan Salaf al Shalih. Belaiau dikenal pula banyak memiliki karamah. Tetapi, banyak (pula) orang yang membuat-buat kedustaan atas nama beliau. Kedustaan itu baik berupa kisah-kisah, perkataan-perkataan, ajaran-ajaran, tariqah (tarekat/jalan) yang berbeda dengan jalan Rasulullah, para sahabatnya, dan lainnya. Di antaranya dapat diketahui dari pendapat Imam Ibnu Rajab.&lt;br /&gt;Tentang Karamahnya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syeikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani adalah seorang yang diagungkan pada masanya. Diagungkan oleh para syeikh, ulama, dan ahli zuhud. Beliau banyak memiliki keutamaan dan karamah. Tetapi, ada seorang yang bernama al Muqri’ Abul Hasan asy Syathnufi al Mishri (nama lengkapnya adalah Ali Ibnu Yusuf bin Jarir al Lakhmi asy Syathnufi) yang mengumpulkan kisah-kisah dan keutamaan-keutamaan Syeikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani dalam tiga jilid kitab. Al Muqri' lahir di Kairo tahun 640 H, meninggal tahun 713 H. Dia dituduh berdusta dan tidak bertemu dengan Syeikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani. Dia telah menulis perkara-perkara yang aneh dan besar (kebohongannya).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Cukuplah seorang itu berdusta, jika dia menceritakan yang dia dengar", demikian kata Imam Ibnu Rajab. "Aku telah melihat sebagian kitab ini, tetapi hatiku tidak tentram untuk berpegang dengannya, sehingga aku tidak meriwayatkan apa yang ada di dalamnya. Kecuali kisah-kisah yang telah masyhur dan terkenal dari selain kitab ini. Karena kitab ini banyak berisi riwayat dari orang-orang yang tidak dikenal. Juga terdapat perkara-perkara yang jauh dari agama dan akal, kesesatan-kesesatan, dakwaan-dakwaan dan perkataan yang batil tidak berbatas, seperti kisah Syeikh Abdul Qadir menghidupkan ayam yang telah mati, dan sebagainya. Semua itu tidak pantas dinisbatkan kepada Syeikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani rahimahullah."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kemudian didapatkan pula bahwa al Kamal Ja’far al Adfwi (nama lengkapnya Ja’far bin Tsa’lab bin Ja’far bin Ali bin Muthahhar bin Naufal al Adfawi), seorang ulama bermadzhab Syafi’i. Ia dilahirkan pada pertengahan bulan Sya’ban tahun 685 H dan wafat tahun 748 H di Kairo. Biografi beliau dimuat oleh al Hafidz di dalam kitab Ad Durarul Kaminah, biografi nomor 1452. al Kamal menyebutkan bahwa asy Syathnufi sendiri tertuduh berdusta atas kisah-kisah yang diriwayatkannya dalam kitab ini.(Dinukil dari kitab At Tashawwuf Fii Mizanil Bahtsi Wat Tahqiq, hal. 509, karya Syeikh Abdul Qadir bin Habibullah as Sindi, Penerbit Darul Manar, Cet. II, 8 Dzulqa’dah 1415 H / 8 April 1995 M.).&lt;br /&gt;Karya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Imam Ibnu Rajab juga berkata, ”Syeikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani rahimahullah memiliki pemahaman yang bagus dalam masalah tauhid, sifat-sifat Allah, takdir, dan ilmu-ilmu ma’rifat yang sesuai dengan sunnah."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Karya beliau, antara lain :&lt;br /&gt;al Ghunyah Li Thalibi Thariqil Haq,&lt;br /&gt;Futuhul Ghaib.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Murid-muridnya mengumpulkan ihwal yang berkaitan dengan nasehat dari majelis-majelis beliau. Dalam masalah-masalah sifat, takdir dan lainnya, ia berpegang dengan sunnah. Beliau membantah dengan keras terhadap orang-orang yang menyelisihi sunnah.&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa Ajaran Beliau&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sam’ani berkata, ” Syeikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani adalah penduduk kota Jailan. Beliau seorang Imam bermadzhab Hambali. Menjadi guru besar madzhab ini pada masa hidup beliau.” Imam Adz Dzahabi menyebutkan biografi Syeikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani dalam Siyar A’lamin Nubala, dan menukilkan perkataan Syeikh sebagai berikut,”Lebih dari lima ratus orang masuk Islam lewat tanganku, dan lebih dari seratus ribu orang telah bertaubat.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Imam Adz Dzahabi menukilkan perkataan-perkataan dan perbuatan-perbuatan Syeikh Abdul Qadir yang aneh-aneh sehingga memberikan kesan seakan-akan beliau mengetahui hal-hal yang ghaib. Kemudian mengakhiri perkataan, ”Intinya Syeikh Abdul Qadir memiliki kedudukan yang agung. Tetapi terdapat kritikan-kritikan terhadap sebagian perkataannya dan Allah menjanjikan (ampunan atas kesalahan-kesalahan orang beriman ). Namun sebagian perkataannya merupakan kedustaan atas nama beliau.”( Siyar XX/451 ). Imam Adz Dzahabi juga berkata, ” Tidak ada seorangpun para kibar masyasyeikh yang riwayat hidup dan karamahnya lebih banyak kisah hikayat, selain Syeikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani, dan banyak diantara riwayat-riwayat itu yang tidak benar bahkan ada yang mustahil terjadi“.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syeikh Rabi’ bin Hadi Al Madkhali berkata dalam kitabnya, Al Haddul Fashil,hal.136, ” Aku telah mendapatkan aqidah beliau ( Syeikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani ) didalam kitabnya yang bernama Al Ghunyah. (Lihat kitab Al-Ghunyah I/83-94) Maka aku mengetahui bahwa dia sebagai seorang Salafi. Beliau menetapkan nama-nama dan sifat-sifat Allah dan aqidah-aqidah lainnya di atas manhaj Salaf. Beliau juga membantah kelompok-kelompok Syi’ah, Rafidhah,Jahmiyyah, Jabariyyah, Salimiyah, dan kelompok lainnya dengan manhaj Salaf.” (At Tashawwuf Fii Mizanil Bahtsi Wat Tahqiq, hal. 509, karya Syeikh Abdul Qadir bin Habibullah As Sindi, Penerbit Darul Manar, Cet. II, 8 Dzulqa’dah 1415 H / 8 April 1995 M.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inilah tentang beliau secara ringkas. Seorang ‘alim Salafi, Sunni, tetapi banyak orang yang menyanjung dan membuat kedustaan atas nama beliau. Sedangkan beliau berlepas diri dari semua kebohongan itu. Wallahu a’lam bishshawwab.&lt;br /&gt;Awal Kemasyhuran&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al-Jaba’i berkata bahwa Syaikh Abdul Qadir al-Jailani pernah berkata kepadanya, “Tidur dan bangunku sudah diatur. Pada suatu saat dalam dadaku timbul keinginan yang kuat untuk berbicara. Begitu kuatnya sampai aku merasa tercekik jika tidak berbicara. Dan ketika berbicara, aku tidak dapat menghentikannya. Pada saat itu ada dua atau tiga orang yang mendengarkan perkataanku. Kemudian mereka mengabarkan apa yang aku ucapkan kepada orang-orang, dan merekapun berduyun-duyun mendatangiku di masjid Bab Al-Halbah. Karena tidak memungkinkan lagi, aku dipindahkan ke tengah kota dan dikelilingi dengan lampu. Orang-orang tetap datang di malam hari dengan membawa lilin dan obor hingga memenuhi tempat tersebut. Kemudian, aku dibawa ke luar kota dan ditempatkan di sebuah mushalla. Namun, orang-orang tetap datang kepadaku, dengan mengendarai kuda, unta bahkan keledai dan menempati tempat di sekelilingku. Saat itu hadir sekitar 70 orang para wali radhiallahu 'anhum]].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kemudian, Syaikh Abdul Qadir melanjutkan, “Aku melihat Rasulullah SAW sebelum dzuhur, beliau berkata kepadaku, "anakku, mengapa engkau tidak berbicara?". Aku menjawab, "Ayahku, bagaimana aku yang non arab ini berbicara di depan orang-orang fasih dari Baghdad?". Beliau berkata, "buka mulutmu". Lalu, beliau meniup 7 kali ke dalam mulutku kemudian berkata, ”bicaralah dan ajak mereka ke jalan Allah dengan hikmah dan peringatan yang baik”. Setelah itu, aku shalat dzuhur dan duduk serta mendapati jumlah yang sangat luar biasa banyaknya sehingga membuatku gemetar. Kemudian aku melihat Ali r.a. datang dan berkata, "buka mulutmu". Beliau lalu meniup 6 kali ke dalam mulutku dan ketika aku bertanya kepadanya mengapa beliau tidak meniup 7 kali seperti yang dilakukan Rasulullah SAW, beliau menjawab bahwa beliau melakukan itu karena rasa hormat beliau kepada RasuluLlah SAW. Kemudian, aku berkata, "Pikiran, sang penyelam yang mencari mutiara ma’rifah dengan menyelami laut hati, mencampakkannya ke pantai dada , dilelang oleh lidah sang calo, kemudian dibeli dengan permata ketaatan dalam rumah yang diizinkan Allah untuk diangkat”. Beliau kemudian menyitir, "Dan untuk wanita seperti Laila, seorang pria dapat membunuh dirinya dan menjadikan maut dan siksaan sebagai sesuatu yang manis."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam beberapa manuskrip didapatkan bahwa Syaikh Abdul Qadir al Jailani berkata, ”Sebuah suara berkata kepadaku saat aku berada di pengasingan diri, "kembali ke Baghdad dan ceramahilah orang-orang". Aku pun ke Baghdad dan menemukan para penduduknya dalam kondisi yang tidak aku sukai dan karena itulah aku tidak jadi mengikuti mereka". "Sesungguhnya" kata suara tersebut, "Mereka akan mendapatkan manfaat dari keberadaan dirimu". "Apa hubungan mereka dengan keselamatan agamaku/keyakinanku" tanyaku. "Kembali (ke Baghdad) dan engkau akan mendapatkan keselamatan agamamu" jawab suara itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aku pun menbuat 70 perjanjian dengan Allah. Di antaranya adalah tidak ada seorang pun yang menentangku dan tidak ada seorang muridku yang meninggal kecuali dalam keadaan bertaubat. Setelah itu, aku kembali ke Baghdad dan mulai berceramah.&lt;br /&gt;Beberapa Kejadian Penting&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suatu ketika, saat aku berceramah aku melihat sebuah cahaya terang benderang mendatangi aku. "Apa ini dan ada apa?" tanyaku. "Rasulullah SAW akan datang menemuimu untuk memberikan selamat" jawab sebuah suara. Sinar tersebut semakin membesar dan aku mulai masuk dalam kondisi spiritual yang membuatku setengah sadar. Lalu, aku melihat RasuLullah SAW di depan mimbar, mengambang di udara dan memanggilku, "Wahai Abdul Qadir". Begitu gembiranya aku dengan kedatangan Rasulullah SAW, aku melangkah naik ke udara menghampirinya. Beliau meniup ke dalam mulutku 7 kali. Kemudian Ali datang dan meniup ke dalam mulutku 3 kali. "Mengapa engkau tidak melakukan seperti yang dilakukan Rasulullah SAW?" tanyaku kepadanya. "Sebagai rasa hormatku kepada Rasulullah SAW" jawab beliau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rasulullah SAW kemudian memakaikan jubah kehormatan kepadaku. "apa ini?" tanyaku. "Ini" jawab Rasulullah, "adalah jubah kewalianmu dan dikhususkan kepada orang-orang yang mendapat derajad Qutb dalam jenjang kewalian". Setelah itu, aku pun tercerahkan dan mulai berceramah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saat Khidir as. Datang hendak mengujiku dengan ujian yang diberikan kepada para wali sebelumku, Allah membukakan rahasianya dan apa yang akan dikatakannya kepadaku. Aku berkata kepadanya, ”Wahai Khidir, apabila engkau berkata kepadaku, "Engkau tidak akan sabar kepadaku", aku akan berkata kepadamu, "Engkau tidak akan sabar kepadaku". "Wahai Khidir, Engkau termasuk golongan Israel sedangkan aku termasuk golongan Muhammad, inilah aku dan engkau. Aku dan engkau seperti sebuah bola dan lapangan, yang ini Muhammad dan yang ini ar Rahman, ini kuda berpelana, busur terentang dan pedang terhunus.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al-Khattab pelayan Syaikh Abdul QAdir meriwayatkan bahwa suatu hari ketika beliau sedang berceramah tiba-tiba beliau berjalan naik ke udara dan berkata, “Hai orang Israel, dengarkan apa yang dikatakan oleh kaum Muhammad” lalu kembali ke tempatnya. Saat ditanya mengenai hal tersebut beliau menjawab, ”Tadi Abu Abbas al Khidir as lewat dan aku pun berbicara kepadanya seperti yang kalian dengar tadi dan ia berhenti”.&lt;br /&gt;Hubungan Guru dan Murid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guru dan teladan kita Syaikh Abdul Qadir al Jilli berkata, ”Seorang Syaikh tidak dapat dikatakan mencapai puncak spiritual kecuali apabila 12 karakter berikut ini telah mendarah daging dalam dirinya.&lt;br /&gt;Dua karakter dari Allah yaitu dia menjadi seorang yang sattar (menutup aib) dan ghaffar (pemaaf).&lt;br /&gt;Dua karakter dari Rasulullah SAW yaitu penyayang dan lembut.&lt;br /&gt;Dua karakter dari Abu Bakar yaitu jujur dan dapat dipercaya.&lt;br /&gt;Dua karakter dari Umar yaitu amar ma’ruf nahi munkar.&lt;br /&gt;Dua karakter dari Utsman yaitu dermawan dan bangun (tahajjud) pada waktu orang lain sedang tidur.&lt;br /&gt;Dua karakter dari Ali yaitu aalim (cerdas/intelek) dan pemberani.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Masih berkenaan dengan pembicaraan di atas dalam bait syair yang dinisbatkan kepada beliau dikatakan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bila lima perkara tidak terdapat dalam diri seorang syaikh maka ia adalah Dajjal yang mengajak kepada kesesatan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dia harus sangat mengetahui hukum-hukum syariat dzahir, mencari ilmu hakikah dari sumbernya, hormat dan ramah kepada tamu, lemah lembut kepada si miskin, mengawasi para muridnya sedang ia selalu merasa diawasi oleh Allah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syaikh Abdul Qadir juga menyatakan bahwa Syaikh al Junaid mengajarkan standar al Quran dan Sunnah kepada kita untuk menilai seorang syaikh. Apabila ia tidak hapal al Quran, tidak menulis dan menghapal Hadits, dia tidak pantas untuk diikuti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menurut saya (penulis buku) yang harus dimiliki seorang syaikh ketika mendidik seseorang adalah dia menerima si murid untuk Allah, bukan untuk dirinya atau alasan lainnya. Selalu menasihati muridnya, mengawasi muridnya dengan pandangan kasih. Lemah lembut kepada muridnya saat sang murid tidak mampu menyelesaikan riyadhah. Dia juga harus mendidik si murid bagaikan anak sendiri dan orang tua penuh dengan kasih dan kelemahlembutan dalam mendidik anaknya. Oleh karena itu, dia selalu memberikan yang paling mudah kepada si murid dan tidak membebaninya dengan sesuatu yang tidak mampu dilakukannya. Dan setelah sang murid bersumpah untuk bertobat dan selalu taat kepada Allah baru sang syaikh memberikan yang lebih berat kepadanya. Sesungguhnya bai’at bersumber dari hadits Rasulullah SAW ketika beliau mengambil bai’at para sahabatnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kemudian dia harus mentalqin si murid dengan zikir lengkap dengan silsilahnya. Sesungguhnya Ali ra. bertanya kepada Rasulullah SAW, "Wahai Rasulullah, jalan manakah yang terdekat untuk sampai kepada Allah, paling mudah bagi hambanya dan paling afdhal di sisi-Nya. Rasulullah berkata, "Ali, hendaknya jangan putus berzikir (mengingat) kepada Allah dalam khalwat (kontemplasinya)". Kemudian, Ali ra. kembali berkata, "Hanya demikiankah fadhilah zikir, sedangkan semua orang berzikir". Rasulullah berkata, "Tidak hanya itu wahai Ali, kiamat tidak akan terjadi di muka bumi ini selama masih ada orang yang mengucapkan 'Allah', 'Allah'. "Bagaimana aku berzikir?" tanya Ali. Rasulullah bersabda, "Dengarkan apa yang aku ucapkan. Aku akan mengucapkannya sebanyak tiga kali dan aku akan mendengarkan engkau mengulanginya sebanyak tiga kali pula". Lalu, Rasulullah berkata, “Laa ilaaha illallah” sebanyak tiga kali dengan mata terpejam dan suara keras. Ucapan tersebut di ulang oleh Ali dengan cara yang sama seperti yang Rasulullah lakukan. Inilah asal talqin kalimat Laa ilaaha Illallah. Semoga Allah memberikan taufiknya kepada kita dengan kalimat tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syaikh Abdul Qadir berkata, ”Kalimat tauhid akan sulit hadir pada seorang individu yang belum di talqin dengan zikir bersilsilah kepada Rasullullah oleh mursyidnya saat menghadapi sakaratul maut”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Karena itulah Syaikh Abdul Qadir selalu mengulang-ulang syair yang berbunyi: Wahai yang enak diulang dan diucapkan (kalimat tauhid) jangan engkau lupakan aku saat perpisahan (maut).&lt;br /&gt;Lain-Lain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kesimpulannya beliau adalah seorang ‘ulama besar. Apabila sekarang ini banyak kaum muslimin menyanjung-nyanjungnya dan mencintainya, maka itu adalah suatu kewajaran. Bahkan suatu keharusan. Akan tetapi kalau meninggi-ninggikan derajat beliau di atas Rasulullah shollallahu’alaihi wasalam, maka hal ini merupakan kekeliruan yang fatal. Karena Rasulullah shollallahu ‘alaihi wasalam adalah rasul yang paling mulia diantara para nabi dan rasul. Derajatnya tidak akan terkalahkan disisi Allah oleh manusia manapun. Adapun sebagian kaum muslimin yang menjadikan Syeikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani sebagai wasilah ( perantara ) dalam do’a mereka, berkeyakinan bahwa do’a seseorang tidak akan dikabulkan oleh Allah, kecuali dengan perantaranya. Ini juga merupakan kesesatan. Menjadikan orang yang meninggal sebagai perantara, maka tidak ada syari’atnya dan ini diharamkan. Apalagi kalau ada orang yang berdo’a kepada beliau. Ini adalah sebuah kesyirikan besar. Sebab do’a merupakan salah satu bentuk ibadah yang tidak diberikan kepada selain Allah. Allah melarang mahluknya berdo’a kepada selain Allah. "Dan sesungguhnya mesjid-mesjid itu adalah kepunyaan Allah. Maka janganlah kamu menyembah seseorang pun di dalamnya disamping (menyembah ) Allah. ( QS. Al-Jin : 18 )"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jadi sudah menjadi keharusan bagi setiap muslim untuk memperlakukan para ‘ulama dengan sebaik mungkin, namun tetap dalam batas-batas yang telah ditetapkan syari’ah. Akhirnya mudah-mudahan Allah senantiasa memberikan petunjuk kepada kita sehingga tidak tersesat dalam kehidupan yang penuh dengan fitnah ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada tahun 521 H/1127 M, dia mengajar dan berfatwa dalam semua madzhab pada masyarakat sampai dikenal masyarakat luas. Selama 25 tahun Abdul Qadir Jaelani menghabiskan waktunya sebagai pengembara sufi di Padang Pasir Iraq dan akhirnya dikenal oleh dunia sebagai tokoh sufi besar dunia Islam. Selain itu dia memimpin madrasah dan ribath di Baghdad yang didirikan sejak 521 H sampai wafatnya di tahun 561 H. Madrasah itu tetap bertahan dengan dipimpin anaknya Abdul Wahab (552-593 H/1151-1196 M), diteruskan anaknya Abdul Salam (611 H/1214 M). Juga dipimpin anak kedua Abdul Qadir Jaelani, Abdul Razaq (528-603 H/1134-1206 M), sampai hancurnya Baghdad pada tahun 656 H/1258 M.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syeikh Abdul Qadir Jaelani juga dikenal sebagai pendiri sekaligus penyebar salah satu tarekat terbesar didunia bernama Tarekat Qodiriyah.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-226329498315265798?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/226329498315265798/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/syekh-abdul-qadir-jaelani.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/226329498315265798'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/226329498315265798'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/syekh-abdul-qadir-jaelani.html' title='Syekh Abdul Qadir Jaelani'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-5025653243099872062</id><published>2009-01-31T01:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T01:14:22.556-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RELIGION'/><title type='text'>Imam Al Ghozali &amp; Abdul Qodir Al Jaelani</title><content type='html'>Abu Hamid Al Ghozali&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dilahirkan di Thusi pada tahun 450 H. Beliau adalah seorang alim yang banyak menghabiskan masa hidupnya untuk menuntut ilmu dan mendakwahkan islam, tetapi sangat disayangkan dalam perjalanannya dalam menuntut ilmu beliau banyak terpengaruh ilmu-ilmu filsafat dan ilmu-ilmu kalam. Beliau pernah bercerita tentang dirinya bahwa “bekal pengetahuan saya tentang hadits sangat sedikit”. Ibnu Taimiyah dalam hal ini berkomentar Abu Hamid (Al Ghozali) kurang begitu pengalaman dengan atsar-atsar Rasulullah dan orang-orang salaf (para sahabat) sebagaimana orang-orang yang menguasai dalam masalah tersebut, yaitu orang-orang yang dapat membedakan sohih dan dhoifnya sebuah hadits. Oleh karena itu beliau banyak menyebutkan dalam kitab-kitabnya hadits-hadits yang lemah bahkan hadits yang dusta. Seandainya beliau mengetahui tentang ilmu hadits niscaya beliau tidak akan menyebutkannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Salah satu dari karya terbesar Al Ghozali adalah kitab Ihya Ulumiddin yang terkenal di kalangan masyarakat umum dan golongan teterntu. Ada sebagian kelompok mengambilnya kemudian mencela isinya secara mutlak dan sebagian yang lain mengambilnya kemudian memuji secara berlebihan. Kedua kelompok ini kurang adil dalam memberikan penilaian. Adapun sikap yang harus diambil adalah sikap Inshof (pertengahan) adalah menyebutkan kebaikan-kebaikannya disertai dengan menyebutkan kesalahannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syaikhul Islam berkomentar tentang kitab Al Ihya’ ini :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“adapun apa yang terdapat dalam kitab Al Ihya’ ada beberapa isinya yang menyesatkan seperti pada masalah-masalah sombong, ujub, riya’ dan dengki kebanyakan isi dari kitab Ihya’ tersebut menukil dari Harits Al Muhasibi dalam kitab Al Ri’ayah. Dari ucapan-ucapan ini ada yang bisa diterima atau sebaliknya ditolak serta ada juga yang di dalamnya pertentangan-pertentangan”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di kitab Al Ihya’ sendiri ada faedah-faedah yang banyak tetapi tidak sedikit materi-materi yang tercela dan merusak berupa ucapan-ucapan filsafat yang berkenaan dengan tauhid, kenabian, bahkan urusan akhirat. Telah dinukilkan dari biografi beliau bahwa di akhir hayatnya beliau mendalami hadits dan belajar bersama orang yang menguasai ilmu hadits serta mendalami kitab sohih Bukhori Muslim. Seandainya beliau masih hidup tentunya sejak saat itu lebih mengutamkan ilmu hadits. Berkata Shidiq Hasan K. “dikisahkan oleh Ali Al Qori bahwa ketika Al Ghozali meninggal kitab bukhori sedang berada di atas dadanya”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demikian biografi singkat Imam Al Ghozali yang banyak membawa pemahaman filsafat walaupun di akhir hayatnya kembali ke pahaman sahabat (salaf), tetapi sayang buku filsafatnya sudah terlanjur tersebar di seluruh dunia dan tidak ada yang mampu mencegahnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abdul Qadir Al-Jailani&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beliau adalah seorang ulama besar sehingga suatu kewajaran jika sekarang ini banyak kaum muslimin menyanjungnya dan mencintainya. Akan tetapi kalau meninggi-ninggikan derajat beliau berada di atas Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, maka hal ini merupakan suatu kekeliruan. Karena Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam adalah rasul yang paling mulia di antara para nabi dan rasul yang derajatnya tidak akan pernah bisa dilampaui di sisi Allah oleh manusia siapapun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada juga sebagian kaum muslimin yang menjadikan Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani sebagai wasilah (perantara) dalam do’a mereka. Berkeyakinan bahwa do’a seseorang tidak akan dikabulkan oleh Allah, kecuali dengan perantaraannya. Ini juga merupakan kesesatan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menjadikan orang yang sudah meninggal sebagai perantara tidak ada syari’atnya dan ini sangat diharamkan. Apalagi kalau ada yang berdo’a kepada beliau. Ini adalah sebuah kesyirikan besar. Sebab do’a merupakan salah satu bentuk ibadah yang tidak boleh diberikan kepada selain Allah. Allah melarang makhluknya berdo’a kepada selainNya. Allah berfirman, yang artinya: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Dan sesungguhnya masjid-masjid itu adalah kepunyaan Allah. Maka janganlah kamu menyembah seseorangpun di dalamnya di samping (menyembah) Allah.” (QS. Al Jin:18)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kelahirannya&lt;br /&gt;Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani adalah seorang ‘alim di Baghdad yang lahir pada tahun 490/471 H di kota Jailan atau disebut juga Kailan. Sehingga di akhir nama beliau ditambahkan kata Al Jailani atau Al Kailani atau juga Al Jiliy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendidikannya&lt;br /&gt;Pada usia yang masih muda beliau telah merantau ke Baghdad dan meninggalkan tanah kelahirannya. Di sana beliau belajar kepada beberapa orang ulama seperti Ibnu Aqil, Abul Khatthath, Abul Husein Al Farra’ dan juga Abu Sa’ad Al Mukharrimi sehingga mampu menguasai ilmu-ilmu ushul dan juga perbedaan-perbedaan pendapat para ulama.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pemahamannya&lt;br /&gt;Beliau seorang Imam bermadzhab Hambali. Menjadi guru besar madzhab ini pada masa hidup beliau. Beliau adalah seorang alim yang beraqidah ahlus sunnah mengikuti jalan Salafush Shalih. Dikenal banyak memiliki karamah-karamah. Tetapi banyak pula orang yang membuat-buat kedustaan atas nama beliau. Kedustaan itu baik berupa kisah-kisah, perkataan-perkataan, ajaran-ajaran, “thariqah” yang berbeda dengan jalan Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, para sahabatnya dan lainnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani menyatakan dalam kitabnya, Al Ghunyah, “Dia (Allah) di arah atas, berada di atas ‘ArsyNya, meliputi seluruh kerajaanNya. IlmuNya meliputi segala sesuatu. “Kemudian beliau menyebutkan ayat-ayat dan hadits-hadits, lalu berkata, “Sepantasnya menetapkan sifat istiwa’ (Allah berada di atas ‘ArsyNya) tanpa takwil (menyimpangkan kepada makna lain). Dan hal itu merupakan istiwa’ dzat Allah di atas ‘Arsy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dakwahnya&lt;br /&gt;Suatu ketika Abu Sa’ad Al Mukharrimi membangun sekolah kecil di sebuah daerah yang bernama Babul Azaj dan pengelolaannya diserahkan sepenuhnya kepada Syaikh Abdul Qadir. Beliau mengelola sekolah ini dengan sungguh-sungguh. Bermukim di sana sambil memeberikan nasehat kepada orang-orang yang ada di sana, sampai beliau meninggal dunia di daerah tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Banyak sudah orang yang bertaubat demi mendengar nasihat beliau. Banyak orang yang bersimpati kepada beliau, lalu datang ke sekolah beliau. Sehingga sekolah ini tidak kuat menampungnya. Maka diadakan perluasan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Imam Adz Dzahabi dalam menyebutkan biografi Syaikh Abdul Qadir Al Jailani dalam Siyar A’lamin Nubala, menukilkan perkataan Syaikh sebagai berikut, “Lebih dari lima ratus orang masuk Islam lewat tanganku, dan lebih dari seratus ribu orang telah bertaubat.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Murid-murid beliau banyak yang menjadi ulama terkenal, seperti Al Hafidz Abdul Ghani yang menyusun Umdatul Ahkam Fi Kalami Khairil Anam. Ibnu Qudamah penyusun kitab fiqh terkenal Al Mughni.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wafatnya&lt;br /&gt;Beliau Wafat pada hari Sabtu malam, setelah maghrib, pada tanggal 9 Rabi’ul Akhir tahun 561 H di daerah Babul Azaj&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-5025653243099872062?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/5025653243099872062/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/imam-al-ghozali-abdul-qodir-al-jaelani.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5025653243099872062'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5025653243099872062'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/imam-al-ghozali-abdul-qodir-al-jaelani.html' title='Imam Al Ghozali &amp; Abdul Qodir Al Jaelani'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-3666938371281092539</id><published>2009-01-31T01:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-07T06:56:27.014-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Pelé</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2hDTq8lVI/AAAAAAAAACg/_PetyFYKVbY/s1600-h/pele.jpeg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 81px; height: 140px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2hDTq8lVI/AAAAAAAAACg/_PetyFYKVbY/s320/pele.jpeg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300069414677026130" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heroes walk alone, but they become myths when they ennoble the lives and touch the hearts of all of us. For those who love soccer, Edson Arantes do Nascimento, generally known as PelŽ, is a hero.&lt;br /&gt;Performance at a high level in any sport is to exceed the ordinary human scale. But Pelé's performance transcended that of the ordinary star by as much as the star exceeds ordinary performance. He scored an average of a goal in every international game he played — the equivalent of a baseball player's hitting a home run in every World Series game over 15 years. Between 1956 and 1974, Pelé scored a total of 1,220 goals — not unlike hitting an average of 70 home runs every year for a decade and a half. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While he played, Brazil won the World Cup, staged quadrennially, three times in 12 years. He scored five goals in a game six times, four goals 30 times and three goals 90 times. And he did so not aloofly or disdainfully — as do many modern stars — but with an infectious joy that caused even the teams over which he triumphed to share in his pleasure, for it is no disgrace to be defeated by a phenomenon defying emulation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was born across the mountains from the great coastal cities of Brazil, in the impoverished town of Tres Coracoes. Nicknamed Dico by his family, he was called PelŽ by soccer friends, a word whose origins escape him. Dico shined shoes until he was discovered at the age of 11 by one of the country's premier players, Waldemar de Brito. Four years later, De Brito brought Pelé to Sao Paulo and declared to the disbelieving directors of the professional team in Santos, "This boy will be the greatest soccer player in the world." He was quickly legend. By the next season, he was the top scorer in his league. As the Times of London would later say, "How do you spell Pelé? G-O-D." He has been known to stop war: both sides in Nigeria's civil war called a 48-hour cease-fire in 1967 so PelŽ could play an exhibition match in the capital of Lagos.&lt;br /&gt;To understand Pelé's role in soccer, some discussion of the nature of the game is necessary. No team sport evokes the same sort of primal, universal passion as soccer. During the World Cup, the matches of the national football teams impose television schedules on the rhythm of life. Last year I attended a dinner for leading members of the British establishment and distinguished guests from all over the world at the staid Spencer House in London. The hosts had the bad luck to have chosen the night of the match between England and Argentina — always a blood feud, compounded on this occasion by the memory of the Falklands crisis. The impeccable audience (or at least enough of it to influence the hosts) insisted that television sets be set up at strategic locations, during both the reception and the dinner. The match went into overtime and required a penalty shoot-out afterward, so the main speaker did not get to deliver his message until 11 p.m. And since England lost, the audience was not precisely in a mood for anything but mourning. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When France finally won the World Cup, Paris was paralyzed with joy for nearly 48 hours, Brazil by dejection for a similar period of time. I was in Brazil in 1962 when the national team won the World Cup in Chile. Everything stopped for two days while Rio celebrated a premature carnival. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is no comparable phenomenon in the U.S. Our fans do not identify with their teams in such a way partly because American team sports are more cerebral and require a degree of skill that is beyond the reach of the layman. Baseball, for instance, requires a bundle of disparate skills: hitting a ball thrown at 90 m.p.h., catching a ball flying at the speed of a bullet, and throwing long distances with great accuracy. Football requires a different set of skills for each of its 11 positions. The U.S. spectator thus finds himself viewing two discrete events: what is actually taking place on the playing field and the translation of it into detailed and minute statistics. He wants his team to win, but he is also committed to the statistical triumph of the star he admires. The American sports hero is like Joe DiMaggio — a kind of Lone Ranger who walks in solitude beyond the reach of common experience, lifting us beyond ourselves.&lt;br /&gt;Soccer is an altogether different sort of game. All 11 players must possess the same type of skills — especially in modern soccer, where the distinction between offensive and defensive players has dissolved. Being continuous, the game does not lend itself to being broken down into a series of component plays that, as in football or baseball, can be practiced. Baseball and football thrill by the perfection of their repetitions, soccer by the improvisation of solutions to ever changing strategic necessities. Soccer requires little equipment, other than a pair of shoes. Everybody believes he can play soccer. And it can be played by any number of players as a pickup game. Thus soccer outside North America is truly a game for the masses, which can identify with its passions, its sudden triumphs and its inevitable disillusionments. Baseball and football are an exaltation of the human experience; soccer is its incarnation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PelŽ is therefore a different phenomenon from the baseball or football star. Soccer stars are dependent on their teams even while transcending them. To achieve mythic status as a soccer player is especially difficult because the peak performance is generally quite short — only the fewest players perform at the top of their game for more than five years. Incredibly, Pel&amp;233; performed at the highest level for 18 years, scoring 52 goals in 1973, his 17th year. Contemporary soccer superstars never reach even 50 goals a season. For PelŽ, who had thrice scored more than 100 goals a year, it signaled retirement. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mythic status of Pel&amp;233; derives as well from the way he incarnated the character of Brazil's national team. Its style affirms that virtue without joy is a contradiction in terms. Its players are the most acrobatic, if not always the most proficient. Brazilian teams play with a contagious exuberance. When those yellow shirts go on the attack — which is most of the time — and their fans cheer to the intoxicating beat of samba bands, soccer becomes a ritual of fluidity and grace. In PelŽ's day, the Brazilians epitomized soccer as fantasy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I saw Pel&amp;233; at his peak only once, at the final of the World Cup in 1970. Brazil's opponent was Italy, which played its tough defense coupled with sudden thrusts to tie the game 1-1, demoralizing the Brazilians. Italy could very easily have massed its defense even more, until its frantic opponent began making the mistakes that would encompass its ruin. But, led by Pel&amp;233;, Brazil paid no attention. Attacking as if the Italians were a practice team, the Brazilians ran them into the ground, 4-1. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I saw Pel&amp;233; a few times afterward, when he was playing for the New York Cosmos. He was no longer as fast, but he was as exuberant as ever. By then, PelŽ had become an institution. Most modern fans never saw him play, yet they somehow feel he is part of their lives. He made the transition from superstar to mythic figure. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State, was instrumental in bringing World Cup soccer to the U.S. in 1994&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-3666938371281092539?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/3666938371281092539/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/pele.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3666938371281092539'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3666938371281092539'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/pele.html' title='Pelé'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2hDTq8lVI/AAAAAAAAACg/_PetyFYKVbY/s72-c/pele.jpeg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-22740754758982658</id><published>2009-01-31T01:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T01:10:30.912-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>8 Sikap Wanita yang Disukai Lelaki</title><content type='html'>Wanita Solehah Perhiasan Indah di Dunia. Inilah salah satu persediaan kita untuk menjadi wanita yang disukai oleh suami. Banyak lelaki yg terpikat pada wanita yg bersikap keibuan, lembut, mengambil berat dan penuh kasih sayang. Wajah yg keibuan mampu membuat lelaki berasa tenteram ketika sedang stress, cemas dan gelisah dan senang hati ketika mahu bermanja. Jangan tunggu sampai melahirkan baru nak tonjolkan sikap keibuan. Setiap wanita ada potensi keibuan dalam diri masing-masing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Kekanak-kanakkan&lt;br /&gt;Dalam batas yg wajar, sifat kekanak-kanakan seorang wanita menjadi daya tarikan di mata lelaki. Mereka berasa terhibur dengan keletah anda. Tetapi tentulah bukan sifat keanak-anakkan yang melampau dan menyakitkan hati tetapi sikap keanak-anakan yang menyenangkan. Misalnya, kemanjaan wanita yangmembangkitkan naluri kebapaan dan kelakian lelaki. Wanita ceria membuat lelaki lebih berghairah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Penuh Pengertian&lt;br /&gt;Sikap pengertian wanita membuat lelaki berasa dihargai dan diterima seadanya. Sikap ini tercermin dari perasaan mudah memaafkan,&lt;br /&gt;memilih waktu yang tepat untuk berbincang masalah dan sebagainya. Contohnya ketika lelaki melakukan kesilapan, wanita yang berpengertian tidak terus mengeluarkan kata-kata yang kasar atau menuduh bukan2 sebaliknya cuba mengerti duduk persoalannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Menghargai&lt;br /&gt;Wanita yang menghargai lelaki adalah wanita idaman lelaki. Berbeza dengan wanita yang suka diperlakukan dengan lembut, lelaki suka dihargai, dipuji dengan tulus ikhlas dan diberi kepercayaan. Penghargaan dari wanita membuat lelaki berasa bangga.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Menjaga Penampilan&lt;br /&gt;Lelaki menyukai wanita yang pandai menjaga penampilannya agar sentiasa kelihatan cantik, bersih, kemas dan menarik. Penampilan yang baik menunjukkan wanita tersebut menghargai dirinya. Dia akan murah senyuman, pandai merawat tubuhnya, meningkatkan kualiti hidupnya dan memberi yang terbaik kepada dirinya. Dia suka dan bersyukur dengan dirinya dan secara tidak langsung memancarkan pesona yg menyebabkan elaki juga menyukainya. Apabila sudah berumahtangga, wanita tersebut terus menjaga penampilan dirinya dan kesihatan tubuh badan walau sudah beranak-pinak. Siapa yang tidak suka isteri yang masih kelihatan cantik dan ramping walau dah punya anak 3??&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Pandai berbicara&lt;br /&gt;Lelaki tertarik dengan wanita yang pandai berkomunikasi dan boleh diajak berbual. Walau topik perbualan yang disukai lelaki berbeza dengan topik kegemaran wanita, wanita tersebut dapat mengimbanginya. Dia bukan sekadar teman berbual yang pasif, tetapi dapat memberi respon dan pendapat yang baik. Dia juga tahu menjadi pendengar yang baik, serta mengalihkan topik yang agak serius kepada perbualan yang lebih menarik. Lelaki juga suka dengan wanita yang suka bergurau dan pandai berjenaka serta boleh menerima jenaka lelaki dengan baik dan berfikiran terbuka.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Pandai Bergaul dan Menyesuaikan Diri&lt;br /&gt;Wanita yang pandai bergaul dan menyesuaikan diri mempunyai nilai lebih di mata lelaki. Wanita tersebut tahu menghadapi orang yang lebih tua dan cara berhadapan dengan orang yang lebih muda. Apabila berhadapan dengan suasana yang baru, wanita tersebut tidak gentar malah cepat menyesuaikan diri. Dia mudah di ajak ke mana saja dan tidak kekok samada di bandar atau di kampung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Menghormati Diri Sendiri&lt;br /&gt;Lelaki suka dengan wanita yang menghormati dirinya sendiri sebagai seorang wanita, bersikap sopan dan mempunyai etika. Wanita yang menghormati dirinya sendiri mempunyai keyakinan dan tahu apa yg baik dan buruk diperlakukan oleh seorang lelaki terhadap dirinya. Jadi dia tahu apa yg dia inginkan dan mahu elakkan serta menjaga maruah dirinya. Dia tidak akan merendah-rendahkan dirinya dan tidak akan membiarkan lelaki memperlakukan dirinya sesuka hati.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Simpati dan prihatin&lt;br /&gt;Lelaki suka wanita yang murah hati, mengambil berat, simpati pada nasib yg susah, sayangkan kanak-kanak dan tidak memilih bulu. Kebaikan yang wajar dan spontan mencerminkan hati yang mulia. Ada kecantikan dalaman pada dirinya yang memancar keluar dengan indah &amp; mempesona…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inilah sifat seorang wanita yang sempurna…&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-22740754758982658?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/22740754758982658/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/8-sikap-wanita-yang-disukai-lelaki.html#comment-form' title='2 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/22740754758982658'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/22740754758982658'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/8-sikap-wanita-yang-disukai-lelaki.html' title='8 Sikap Wanita yang Disukai Lelaki'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-4300128245745801838</id><published>2009-01-31T01:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-07T07:09:19.499-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Albert Einstein</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2kDCb92xI/AAAAAAAAADA/o30YGkFHcHY/s1600-h/albert-einstein.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 314px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2kDCb92xI/AAAAAAAAADA/o30YGkFHcHY/s320/albert-einstein.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300072708585675538" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Everything's relative. Speed, mass, space and time are all subjective. Nor are age, motion or the wanderings of the planets measures that humans can agree on anymore; they can be judged only by the whim of the observer. Light has weight. Space has curves. And coiled within a pound of matter, any matter, is the explosive power of 14 million tons of TNT. We know all this, we are set adrift in this way at the end of the 20th century, because of Albert Einstein.&lt;br /&gt;We tend not to blame Einstein for the bomb, any more than we blame Nobel for dynamite. It wasn't the gentle theorist but the generals of the world who forged e=mc2 into the most terrible dagger in human history, and hoisted that Damoclean blade irretrievably over our heads in 1946. By then, the world had already iconized him: the greatest seer since Newton; science's poetic soul. Genius, in person. In a few thunderclaps of elegance he contained our world and the cosmos in the same equation, and changed forever the way the rest of saw the heavens and ourselves. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The light came on in 1905. Pushed to the fringe of physics by his prickly pacifism and an academic career that seemed designed to annoy his professors, the future emblem of genius was, at the time — the very words have become an Algeresque cliché — just a Swiss patent clerk. Preternaturally confident and suitably unkempt, the 26-year-old Einstein sent three papers, papers scrawled in his spare time, to the premier journal, "Annalen der Physik," to be published "if there is room." They all made the same issue, and they did exactly what he imagined they would: change the world. One was an update of Max Planck's quantum theory of radiation; light, declared Einstein, travels as both a wave and as particles called quanta, mostly because it has to. Another concerned Brownian motion, an until-then unexplained phenomenon involving bouncing molecules. (The patent clerk explained it.) The third, wrote Einstein matter-of-factly in a letter to a friend, "modifies the theory of space and time." Its import: Everything's relative. He could have retired right then and still been the savior of science in the 20th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Physics is built on the basic and rather wistful hypothesis that Mother Nature doesn't know much math. Remainders and constants are men's crumbs, not hers -- to a theoretical physicist, the Ten Commandments are too numerous by nine. By 1905, Newton's three were showing cracks under the scrutiny of stronger telescopes and better astronomy; the ether, an omnipresent invisible jello, was supposed to spackle Newton's world smooth again. To Einstein, the ether was just a remainder, and he got rid of it. Nothing can move faster than light, he said, and matter and energy are equivalent: E=mc2. The physicist Louis de Broglie called Einstein's contributions that year "blazing rockets which in the dark of the night suddenly cast a brief but powerful illumination over an immense unknown region." The new view was breathtaking. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Einstein himself, though, would remain in that unknown a while longer. In 1916, he folded special relativity into general relativity: Light had mass, and space and time were simply space-time. Oh, and the universe was quite possibly shaped like a saddle. World-shaking stuff. But war, seemingly Einstein's constant companion, obscured him three more years until British astronomer Arthur Eddington got out and proved it during a solar eclipse: He spotted a star that should have been hidden behind the sun. Light had turned a corner, and so had we. No one really understood what Einstein was talking about — which is only a slight exaggeration even today — but it sure sounded great. Order in the cosmos, even if only one man could see it, was an appetizingly lofty prospect after the all-too-earthbound carnage of World War I. And this fellow Einstein, with his halo of unruly hair and Labrador eyes, was just the gentle genius we were looking for.&lt;br /&gt;Celebrity annoyed Einstein — he would once list his occupation as "artist's model" — but while his theory made the rounds at cocktail parties, the physicist himself discovered that Americans wanted desperately to hear what else he had to say. So he spoke up. His gave speeches and met with heads of state, made enemies of Hitler (and later McCarthy) with his ardent blend of pacifism, Zionism and Communism. (Eventually the sound of his voice got too loud for him; with so much made of every trip, Einstein never left the U.S. after 1935.) His every bon mot was duly recorded for posterity, and his personal quirks (such as very rarely wearing socks) were eagerly added to the fast-growing legend. Not Einstein the physicist anymore; Einstein, the Einstein. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Did the man have flaws? Eager excavators have found that he was unkind to his first wife, Serbian physicist Mileva Maric, and distant at best with his second wife, Elsa, and their son. The famous absentmindedness, so jolly in his later years, was not so benign when it came to human contact. Should we be surprised at this from a man who did not speak until age 3, slouched his way through school, and grew up to find a universe that no others had? Surprised that he was more than a little aloof? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1929, TIME noted in a cover story on the physicist that "Albert Einstein's theories have altered human existence not at all." That would not last — the fields of electronics, quantum physics and space travel all bear his fingerprint now (though we're still waiting to see those twins in spaceships wearing watches). But that the atom could be split and its power unleashed — that one was the first to leap off the theoretician's blackboard. In 1939, America's most celebrated pacifist warned Franklin Delano Roosevelt in a letter that the Germans were nearing the nuclear age. America — this the physicist knew from experience from his days in Germany — had better get there first. It did. By 1946 Einstein's epiphany and the Manhattan Project would wreak, in the name of good, the most horrible destruction of our age in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Einstein knew what he and his visions had done; after the war he made a tearful apology to visiting Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa. Pacifist, deep-thinking Einstein, who loved children, was the father of the bomb.&lt;br /&gt;At Princeton, he was more like a kindly uncle. When he arrived in 1935, and was asked what he would require for his study, he replied: "A desk, some pads and a pencil, and a large wastebasket — to hold all of my mistakes." His salary request had to be raised by Princeton administrators to avoid embarrassment. He played the violin, helped children with their homework, and did indeed, as the story goes, have some trouble remembering his address. He spent the balance of his life there, carving out a quiet spot within his legend and grappling with another chilling science that he had fathered but could not love: quantum physics. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Einstein, though not religious, was a believer. "I want to know how God created this world... I want to know his thoughts; the rest are details." And he had a good idea of what those thoughts were. Subtle but not malicious, non-interventionist but certainly present, Einstein's God didn't "play dice with the universe." Quantum physics, guided by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, held that matter lived only as a probability, an approximation, an illusion of order in a chaotic universe. This Einstein could not bear, and he resisted the colder world bitterly until he became, in his own words, "a fossil" among his colleagues. "Stop telling God what to do," Niels Bohr told him, but Einstein couldn't. He spent his last two decades wrestling vainly for a "Unified Field Theory" — the final theory — a cause that Steven Weinberg, among others, has taken up today, so far without success. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do we see too little beauty in the universe, or did Einstein imagine too much? ("It didn't pan out," he once told a colleague, two weeks after casually mentioning he was on the verge of his "greatest discovery ever.") A half-century after his death, we have his eyes in a jar in New Jersey and his brain (minus a few bits chipped off for analysis) in another jar in Lawrence, Kansas. We have the advances he left us, which have touched nearly every branch of the sciences, and we have the the bomb. But probably above all, in our heads we keep his vision (however vaguely) — the rhyming world is the one we keep on rooting for. Einstein got us closer to nature's truths than anyone had before, and he knew how much he had left unsolved. Once, Uncle Einstein sent this reply, along with a page full of diagrams, to a 15-year-old girl who had written for help on a homework assignment: "Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are much greater." Everything's relative. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Frank Pellegrini writes for TIME Daily&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-4300128245745801838?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/4300128245745801838/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/albert-einstein.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4300128245745801838'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4300128245745801838'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/albert-einstein.html' title='Albert Einstein'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SY2kDCb92xI/AAAAAAAAADA/o30YGkFHcHY/s72-c/albert-einstein.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-957000713091265044</id><published>2009-01-31T01:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T01:05:23.239-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Adolf Hitler</title><content type='html'>Not being a professional historian, I take on this essay with fear and trembling. That's because, although defeated, although dead, this man is frightening. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What was the secret of his power over his listeners? His demagogic appeal to immoderation, to excess and to simplifying hate? They spoke of his intuitive powers and his "luck" (he escaped several attempts on his life).&lt;br /&gt;Adolf Hitler or the incarnation of absolute evil; this is how future generations will remember the all-powerful Fuehrer of the criminal Third Reich. Compared with him, his peers Mussolini and Franco were novices. Under his hypnotic gaze, humanity crossed a threshold from which one could see the abyss. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the same time that he terrorized his adversaries, he knew how to please, impress and charm the very interlocutors from whom he wanted support. Diplomats and journalists insist as much on his charm as they do on his temper tantrums. The savior admired by his own as he dragged them into his madness, the Satan and exterminating angel feared and hated by all others, Hitler led his people to a shameful defeat without precedent. That his political and strategic ambitions have created a dividing line in the history of this turbulent and tormented century is undeniable: there is a before and an after. By the breadth of his crimes, which have attained a quasi-ontological dimension, he surpasses all his predecessors: as a result of Hitler, man is defined by what makes him inhuman. With Hitler at the head of a gigantic laboratory, life itself seems to have changed.&lt;br /&gt;How did this Austrian without title or position manage to get himself elected head of a German nation renowned for its civilizing mission? How to explain the success of his cheap demagogy in the heart of a people so proud of having inherited the genius of a Wolfgang von Goethe and an Immanuel Kant? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Was there no resistance to his disastrous projects? There was. But it was too feeble, too weak and too late to succeed. German society had rallied behind him: the judicial, the educational, the industrial and the economic establishments gave him their support. Few politicians of this century have aroused, in their lifetime, such love and so much hate; few have inspired so much historical and psychological research after their death. Even today, works on his enigmatic personality and his cursed career are best sellers everywhere. Some are good, others are less good, but all seem to respond to an authentic curiosity on the part of a public haunted by memory and the desire to understand. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We think we know everything about the nefarious forces that shaped his destiny: his unhappy childhood, his frustrated adolescence; his artistic disappointments; his wound received on the front during World War I; his taste for spectacle, his constant disdain for social and military aristocracies; his relationship with Eva Braun, who adored him; the cult of the very death he feared; his lack of scruples with regard to his former comrades of the SA, whom he had assassinated in 1934; his endless hatred of Jews, whose survival enraged him — each and every phase of his official and private life has found its chroniclers, its biographers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And yet. There are, in all these givens, elements that escape us. How did this unstable paranoid find it within himself to impose gigantic hope as an immutable ideal that motivated his nation almost until the end? Would he have come to power if Germany were not going through endless economic crises, or if the winners in 1918 had not imposed on it conditions that represented a national humiliation against which the German patriotic fiber could only revolt? We would be wrong to forget: Hitler came to power in January 1933 by the most legitimate means. His Nationalist Socialist Party won a majority in the parliamentary elections. The aging Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg had no choice but to allow him, at age 43, to form the new government, marking the end of the Weimar Republic. And the beginning of the Third Reich, which, according to Hitler, would last 1,000 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From that moment on, events cascaded. The burning of the Reichstag came only a little before the openings of the first concentration camps, established for members of the opposition. Fear descended on the country and squeezed it in a vise. Great writers, musicians and painters went into exile to France and the U.S. Jews with foresight emigrated toward Palestine. The air of Hitler's Germany was becoming more and more suffocating. Those who preferred to wait, thinking that the Nazi regime would not last, could not last, would regret it later, when it was too late.&lt;br /&gt;The fact is that Hitler was beloved by his people — not the military, at least not in the beginning, but by the average Germans who pledged to him an affection, a tenderness and a fidelity that bordered on the irrational. It was idolatry on a national scal e. One had to see the crowds who acclaimed him. And the women who were attracted to him. And the young who in his presence went into ecstasy. Did they not see the hateful mask that covered his face? Did they not divine the catastrophe he bore within himse lf? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Violating the Treaty of Versailles, which limited the German army to 100,000 men, Hitler embarked on a rearmament program of massive scale: fighter planes, tanks, submarines. His goal? It was enough to read Mein Kampf, written in prison after the a bortive coup of 1923 in Munich, to divine its contours: to become, once again, a global superpower, capable and desirous of reconquering lost territory, and others as well. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And the free world let it happen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His army entered the Rhineland in 1936. A tangible reaction from France and Britain would have led to his fall. But since nothing happened, Hitler played on the "cowardice" of democratic principles. That cowardice was confirmed by the shameful Munich Agre ement, by which France and Britain betrayed their alliance with Czechoslovakia and abandoned it like a dead weight. At every turn, Hitler derided his generals and their lack of audacity. In 1939 he stupefied the entire world by reaching a nonaggression pa ct with Stalin. Though they had never met, the two dictators appeared to get along perfectly; it was said that a sort of empathy existed between them. Poland paid the price of this unnatural "friendship"; cut in two, it ceased to exist as a state. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hitler also counted on Stalin's naivete. In a sense he was right. According to all witnesses, Stalin had total confidence in Hitler. To humor Hitler's extreme anti-Semitic sensibilities, the Soviet hierarchy withdrew certain Jews, such as Maxim Litvinov, the Soviet Foreign Minister, from the international scene. Stalin's order to honor the commercial agreements between the two countries was scrupulously executed, at all levels, until the beginning of hostilities: the day of German aggression, one still sa w Soviet trains stuffed with raw materials heading toward German factories. Was Hitler shrewder than Stalin? Certainly he was more tenacious than his French and British adversaries. Winston Churchill was the only man of state who unmasked Hitler immediately and refused to let himself be duped by Hitler's repeated promises that th is time he was making his "last territorial demand."&lt;br /&gt;And yet. In his own "logic," Hitler was persuaded for a fairly long time that the German and British people had every reason to get along and divide up spheres of influence throughout the world. He did not understand British obstinacy in its resistance to his racial philosophy and to the practical ends it engendered. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In fact, he wanted to swallow up Russia, Poland, Ukraine and the Baltic countries to augment lebensraum: Germany's vital space. But then why did he launch his destructive war against London? Why did he declare war against the U.S.? Solely to please his Japanese ally? Why did he mandate a policy of cruelty in the Soviet territories occupied by his armies, when certain segments of the population there were ready to greet them with flowers? And finally, why did he invest so much energy in his hatred of Jews? Why did the night trains that took them to their death have priority over the military convoys that were taking badly needed troops to the front? His dark obsession with the "Jewish question" and its "Final Solution" will be long remembered, for it has evocative names that paralyze men's hearts with terror: Auschwitz, Treblinka and Belzec. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After Rommel's defeat in North Africa, after the debacle at Stalingrad and even when the landings in Normandy were imminent, Hitler and his entourage still had the mind to come up with the Final Solution. In his testament, drafted in a underground bunker just hours before his suicide in Berlin, Hitler returns again to this hatred of the Jewish people that had never left him. But in the same testament, he settles his score with the German people. He wants them to be sacked, destroyed, reduced to misery and shame for having failed him by denying him his glory. The former corporal become commander in chief of all his armies and convinced of his strategic and political genius was not prepared to recognize his own responsibility for the defeat of his Reich. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His kingdom collapsed after 12 years in a war that remains the most atrocious, the most brutal and the deadliest in history. But which, by the same token, allowed several large figures to emerge. Their names have become legendary: Eisenhower, De Gaulle, Montgomery, Zhukov, Patton... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But when later we evoke the 20th century, among the first names that will surge to mind will be that of a fanatic with a mustache who thought to reign by selling the soul of his people to the thousand demons of hate and of death. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nobel Peace laureate Elie Wiesel is professor in the humanities at Boston University&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-957000713091265044?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/957000713091265044/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/adolf-hitler.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/957000713091265044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/957000713091265044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/adolf-hitler.html' title='Adolf Hitler'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-511641576069558795</id><published>2009-01-31T00:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T01:02:08.575-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Muhammad Ali</title><content type='html'>Oliver Wendell Holmes once observed that every profession is great that is greatly pursued. Boxing in the early '60s, largely controlled by the Mob, was in a moribund state until Muhammad Ali — Cassius Clay, in those days — appeared on the scene. "Just when the sweet science appears to lie like a painted ship upon a painted ocean," wrote A.J. Liebling, "a new Hero...comes along like a Moran tug to pull it out of the ocean."&lt;br /&gt;Though Ali won the gold medal at the Rome Olympics in 1960, at the time the experts didn't think much of his boxing skills. His head, eyes wide, seemed to float above the action. Rather than slip a punch, the traditional defensive move, it was his habit to sway back, bending at the waist — a tactic that appalled the experts. Lunacy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nor did they approve of his personal behavior: the self-promotions ("I am the greatest!"), his affiliation with the Muslims and giving up his "slave name" for Muhammad Ali ("I don't have to be what you want me to be; I'm free to be what I want"), the poetry (his ability to compose rhymes on the run could very well qualify him as the first rapper) or the quips ("If Ali says a mosquito can pull a plow, don't ask how. Hitch him up!"). At the press conferences, the reporters were sullen. Ali would turn on them. "Why ain't you taking notice?" or "Why ain't you laughing?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was odd that they weren't. He was an engaging combination of sass and sweetness and naivete. His girlfriend disclosed that the first time he was kissed, he fainted. Merriment always seemed to be bubbling just below the surface, even when the topics were somber. When reporters asked about his affiliation with Islam, he joked that he was going to have four wives: one to shine his shoes, one to feed him grapes, one to rub oil on his muscles and one named Peaches. In his boyhood he was ever the prankster and the practical joker. His idea of fun was to frighten his parents — putting a sheet over his head and jumping out at them from a closet, or tying a string to a bedroom curtain and making it move after his parents had gone to bed.&lt;br /&gt;The public as well had a hard time accepting him. His fight for the heavyweight championship in Miami against Sonny Liston was sparsely attended. Indeed, public sentiment was for Liston, a Mob-controlled thug, to take care of the lippy upstart. Liston concurred, saying he was going to put his fist so far down his opponent's throat, he was going to have trouble removing it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, of course, three years after Ali defended the championship, there came the public vilification for his refusal to join the Army during the Vietnam War — "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong" — one of the more telling remarks of the era. The government prosecuted him for draft dodging, and the boxing commissions took away his license. He was idle for 3 1/2 years at the peak of his career. In 1971 the Supreme Court ruled that the government had acted improperly. But Ali bore the commissions no ill will. There were no lawsuits to get his title back through the courts. No need, he said, to punish them for doing what they thought was right. Quite properly, in his mind, he won back the title in the ring, knocking out George Foreman in the eighth round of their fight in Zaire — the "Rumble in the Jungle." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ali was asked on a television show what he would have done with his life, given a choice. After an awkward pause — a rare thing, indeed — he admitted he couldn't think of anything other than boxing. That is all he had ever wanted or wished for. He couldn't imagine anything else. He defended boxing as a sport: "You don't have to be hit in boxing. People don't understand that." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was wrong. Joe Frazier, speaking of their fight, said he had hit Ali with punches that would have brought down a building. Coaxed into fights by his managers long after he should have retired, and perhaps because he loved the sport too much to leave it, Ali ended up being punished by the likes of Leon Spinks and Larry Holmes, who took little pleasure in what they were doing.&lt;br /&gt;Oscar Wilde once suggested that you kill the thing you love. In Ali's case, it was the reverse: what he loved, in a sense, killed him. The man who was the most loquacious of athletes ("I am the onliest of boxing's poet laureates") now says almost nothing: he moves slowly through the crowds and signs autographs. He has probably signed more autographs than any other athlete ever, living or dead. It is his principal activity at home, working at his desk. He was once denied an autograph by his idol, Sugar Ray Robinson ("Hello, kid, how ya doin'? I ain't got time"), and vowed he would never turn anyone down. The volume of mail is enormous. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ceremonial leave-taking of great athletes can impart indelible memories, even if one remembers them from the scratchy newsreels of time — Babe Ruth with the doffed cap at home plate, Lou Gehrig's voice echoing in the vast hollows of Yankee Stadium. Muhammad Ali's was not exactly a leave-taking, but it may have seemed so to the estimated 3 billion or so television viewers who saw him open the Atlanta Olympics in 1996. Outfitted in a white gym suit that eerily made him seem to glisten against a dark night sky, he approached the unlit saucer with his flaming torch, his free arm trembling visibly from the effects of Parkinson's. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was a kind of epiphany that those who watched realized how much they missed him and how much he had contributed to the world of sport. Students of boxing will pore over the trio of Ali-Frazier fights, which rank among the greatest in fistic history, as one might read three acts of a great drama. They would remember the shenanigans, the Ali Shuffle, the Rope-a-Dope, the fact that Ali had brought beauty and grace to the most uncompromising of sports. And they would marvel that through the wonderful excesses of skill and character, he had become the most famous athlete, indeed, the best-known personage in the world&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-511641576069558795?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/511641576069558795/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/muhammad-ali.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/511641576069558795'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/511641576069558795'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/muhammad-ali.html' title='Muhammad Ali'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-4337477905816260101</id><published>2009-01-31T00:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T00:57:20.299-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LOVE'/><title type='text'>Rahasia Bulan Kelahiran</title><content type='html'>JANUARI&lt;br /&gt;Bercita-cita tinggi dan orangnya serius, suka mendidik dan dididik.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat mudah melihat kelemahan orang dan suka mengkritik.&lt;br /&gt;Rajin dan setiap yang dibuat nampak keuntungan.&lt;br /&gt;Suka pada kecantikan, kekemasan dan teratur.&lt;br /&gt;Bersifat sensitif dan berfikiran mendalam.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai mengambil hati orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Pendiam kecuali telah dirangsang.&lt;br /&gt;Agak pemalu dan mempunyai daya tumpuan yang sangat tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah mendisiplinkan diri sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Badannya sihat tetapi mudah diserang selsema.&lt;br /&gt;Bersikap romantik tetapi tidak pandai memperlihatkannya.&lt;br /&gt;Cukup sayang pada kanak-kanak.&lt;br /&gt;Suka duduk di rumah.&lt;br /&gt;Setia pada segala-galanya.&lt;br /&gt;Perlu belajar kemahiran bersosial.&lt;br /&gt;Sifat cemburu yang sangat tinggi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FEBRUARI&lt;br /&gt;Berfikiran abstrak.&lt;br /&gt;Sukakan benda yang realiti dan abstrak.&lt;br /&gt;Bijak dan pintar&lt;br /&gt;Berwatakan yang mudah berubah.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah menawan orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Agak pendiam.&lt;br /&gt;Pemalu dan rendah diri.&lt;br /&gt;Jujur dan setia pada segalanya.&lt;br /&gt;Keras hati untuk mencapai matlamat.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak suka dikongkong.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah memberontak apabila dikongkong.&lt;br /&gt;Suka kegiatan yang lasak.&lt;br /&gt;Emosinya mudah terluka dan sangat sensitif.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah mempamerkan marahnya.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak suka benda yang remeh-temeh.&lt;br /&gt;Suka berkawan tapi kurang mempamerkannya.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat berani dan suka memberontak.&lt;br /&gt;Bercita-cita tinggi, suka berangan-angan dan ada harapan untuk merealisasikan impiannya.&lt;br /&gt;Pemerhatian yang tajam.&lt;br /&gt;Suka hiburan dan sukan.&lt;br /&gt;Suka benda yang bersifat seni.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat romantik pada dalaman tetapi tidak pada luaran.&lt;br /&gt;Berkecenderungan pada benda yang tahyul.&lt;br /&gt;Amat mudah dan boleh menjadi terlalu boros.&lt;br /&gt;Belajar untuk mempamerkan emosi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MARET&lt;br /&gt;Berkepribadian menarik dan menawan.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah didampingi.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat pemalu dan pemendam rasa.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat baik secara semulajadi, jujur pemurah dan mudah simpati.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat sensitif pada perkataan yang dituturkan dan alam persekitaran.&lt;br /&gt;Suka pada kedamaian.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat peka pada orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Sesuai dengan kerjaya yang memberi khidmat kepada orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak cepat marah dan sangat amanah.&lt;br /&gt;Tahu membalas dan mengenang budi.&lt;br /&gt;Pemerhatian dan penilaian yang sangat tajam.&lt;br /&gt;Kecenderungan untuk berdendam jika tidak dikawal.&lt;br /&gt;Suka berangan-angan.&lt;br /&gt;Suka melancong.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat manja dan suka diberi perhatian yang sangat tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Kelam kabut dalam memilih pasangan.&lt;br /&gt;Suka dengan hiasan rumahtangga.&lt;br /&gt;Punya bakat seni dalalm bidang muzik.&lt;br /&gt;Kecenderungan pada benda yang istimewa dan baik.&lt;br /&gt;Jangan terlalu mengikut selera atau perasaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;APRIL&lt;br /&gt;Sangat aktif dan dinamik.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat bertindak membuat keputusan tetapi cepat menyesal.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat menarik dan pandai menjaga diri.&lt;br /&gt;Punya daya mental yang sangat kuat.&lt;br /&gt;Suka diberi perhatian.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat diplomatik (pandai memujuk ).&lt;br /&gt;Berkawan dan pandai menyelesaikan masalah orang.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat berani dan tiada perasaan takut.&lt;br /&gt;Suka perkara yang mencabar, pengasih, penyayang, sopan santun dan pemurah.&lt;br /&gt;Emosi cepat terusik.&lt;br /&gt;Cuba kawal perasaan.&lt;br /&gt;Kecenderungan bersifat pendendam.&lt;br /&gt;Agresif dan kelam kabut dalam membuat keputusan.&lt;br /&gt;Kuat daya ingatan.&lt;br /&gt;Gerak hati yang sangat kuat.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai mendorong diri sendiri dan memotivasikan orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Berpenyakit disekitar kepala dan dada.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat cemburu dan terlalu cemburu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MEI&lt;br /&gt;Keras hati &amp; tegas.&lt;br /&gt;Kuat semangat &amp; bermotivasi tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Pemikiran yang tajam.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah marah apabila tidak dikawal.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai menarik hati &amp; perhatian orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Perasaan yang amat mendalam.&lt;br /&gt;Cantik dari segi mental &amp; fizikal.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak perlu dimotivasikan.&lt;br /&gt;Tetap pendirian, tetapi mudah dipengaruhi oleh orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah dipujuk.&lt;br /&gt;Bersikap sistematik (otak kiri).&lt;br /&gt;Suka berangan.&lt;br /&gt;Kuat daya firasat memahami apa yang terlintas di hati orang lain tanpa diberitahu.&lt;br /&gt;Bahagian telinga &amp; leher mudah diserang penyakit.&lt;br /&gt;Daya khayalan yang tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Permikiran yang tajam.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai berdebat.&lt;br /&gt;Fizikal yang baik.&lt;br /&gt;Kelemahan sistem pernafasan.&lt;br /&gt;Suka sastera, seni &amp; muzik serta melancong.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak berapa suka duduk di rumah.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak boleh duduk diam.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak punya ramai anak.&lt;br /&gt;Rajin dan bersemangat tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Agak boros&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUNI&lt;br /&gt;Berfikiran jauh &amp; berwawasan.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah ditawan kerana sikap baik.&lt;br /&gt;Berperangai lemah lembut.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah berubah sikap, perangai, idea dan mood.&lt;br /&gt;Idea yang terlalu banyak di kepala.&lt;br /&gt;Bersikap sensitif.&lt;br /&gt;Mempunyai pemikiran yang aktif (sentiasa berfikir).&lt;br /&gt;Sukar melakukan sesuatu dengan segera.&lt;br /&gt;Bersikap suka menangguh-nangguh.&lt;br /&gt;Bersikap terlalu memilih &amp; mahukan yang terbaik.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat marah &amp; cepat sejuk.&lt;br /&gt;Suka bercakap &amp; berdebat.&lt;br /&gt;Suka buat lawak &amp; bergurau.&lt;br /&gt;Otaknya cerdas berangan-angan.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah berkawan &amp; pandai berkawan.&lt;br /&gt;Seorang yang sangat tertib.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai mempamerkan sikap.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah kecil hati.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah kena selsema.&lt;br /&gt;Suka berkemas.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat rasa bosan.&lt;br /&gt;Sikap terlalu memilih &amp; cerewet.&lt;br /&gt;Kurang mempamerkan perasaan.&lt;br /&gt;Lambat untuk sembuh apabila terluka hati.&lt;br /&gt;Suka pada barang yang berjenama.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah menjadi eksekutif.&lt;br /&gt;Kedegilan yang tidak terkawal.&lt;br /&gt;Sesiapa yang memuji, dianggap musuh. Siapa yang menegur dianggap kawan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JULI&lt;br /&gt;Sangat suka didamping.&lt;br /&gt;Banyak berahsia dan sukar dimengerti terutamanya lelaki.&lt;br /&gt;Agak pendiam kecuali dirangsang.&lt;br /&gt;Ada harga dan maruah diri.&lt;br /&gt;Tak suka menyusahkan orang lain tapi tidak marah apabila disusahkan.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah dipujuk dan bercakap lurus.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat menjaga hati orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat peramah.&lt;br /&gt;Emosi sangat mendalam tapi mudah terluka hatinya.&lt;br /&gt;Berjiwa sentimental.&lt;br /&gt;Jarang berdendam.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah memaafkan tapi sukar melupakan.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak suka benda remeh-temeh.&lt;br /&gt;Membimbing cara fizikal dan mental.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat peka, mengambil berat dan mengasihi serta penyayang.&lt;br /&gt;Layanan yang serupa terhadap semua orang.&lt;br /&gt;Tinggi daya simpati.&lt;br /&gt;Pemerhatian yang tajam.&lt;br /&gt;Suka menilai orang lain melalui pemerhatian.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah dan rajin belajar.&lt;br /&gt;Suka muhasabah diri.&lt;br /&gt;Suka mengenangkan peristiwa atau kawan lama.&lt;br /&gt;Suka mendiamkan diri.&lt;br /&gt;Suka duduk di rumah.&lt;br /&gt;Suka tunggu kawan tapi tak cari kawan.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak agresif kecuali terpaksa.&lt;br /&gt;Lemah dari segi kesihatan perut.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah gemuk kalau tak kawal diet.&lt;br /&gt;Minta disayangi.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah terluka hati tapi lambat pulih.&lt;br /&gt;Terlalu mengambil berat.&lt;br /&gt;Rajin dalam membuat kerja&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AGUSTUS&lt;br /&gt;Suka berlawak.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah tertawan padanya.&lt;br /&gt;Sopan santun dan mengambil berat terhadap orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Berani dan tidak tahu takut.&lt;br /&gt;Orangnya agak tegas &amp; bersikap kepimpinan.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai memujuk orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Terlalu pemurah &amp; bersikap ego.&lt;br /&gt;Nilai harga diri yang sangat tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Dahagakan pujian.&lt;br /&gt;Semangat juang yang luar biasa.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat marah &amp; mudah mengamuk.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah marah apabila cakapnya dilawan.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat cemburu.&lt;br /&gt;Daya pemerhatian yang tajam &amp; teliti.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat berfikir.&lt;br /&gt;Fikiran yang berdikari.&lt;br /&gt;Suka memimpin &amp; dipimpin.&lt;br /&gt;Sifat suka berangan.&lt;br /&gt;Berbakat dalam seni lukis, hiburan &amp; silat.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat sensitif tapi tidak mudah merajuk.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat sembuh apabila ditimpa penyakit.&lt;br /&gt;Belajar untuk bertenang.&lt;br /&gt;Sikap kelam kabut.&lt;br /&gt;Romantik, pengasih dan penyayang.&lt;br /&gt;Suka mencari kawan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SEPTEMBER&lt;br /&gt;Sangat bersopan santun &amp; bertolak ansur.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat cermat, teliti &amp; teratur.&lt;br /&gt;Suka menegur kesilapan orang lain &amp; mengkritik.&lt;br /&gt;Pendiam tapi pandai bercakap.&lt;br /&gt;Sikap sangat cool, sangat baik &amp; mudah simpati.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat perihatin &amp; terperinci, amanah, setia &amp; jujur.&lt;br /&gt;Kerja yang dilakukan sangat sempurna.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat sensitif yang tidak diketahui.&lt;br /&gt;Seorang yang banyak berfikir.&lt;br /&gt;Daya pentaakulan yang baik.&lt;br /&gt;Otak bijak &amp; mudah belajar.&lt;br /&gt;Suka mencari maklumat.&lt;br /&gt;Kawal diri dari terlalu mengkritik.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai mendorong diri sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah memahami orang lain kerana banyak menyimpan rahsia.&lt;br /&gt;Suka sukan, hiburan &amp; melancong.&lt;br /&gt;Kurang menunjukkan perasaannya.&lt;br /&gt;Terluka hatinya sangat lama disimpan.&lt;br /&gt;Terlalu memilih pasangan.&lt;br /&gt;Sukakan benda yang luas.&lt;br /&gt;Bersistematik&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OKTOBER&lt;br /&gt;Suka berbual.&lt;br /&gt;Suka orang yang sayang padanya.&lt;br /&gt;Suka ambil jln tengah.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat menawan &amp; sopan santun.&lt;br /&gt;Kecantikan luar &amp; dalam.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak pandai berbohong &amp; berpura-pura.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah rasa simpati, baik dan mementingkan kawan.&lt;br /&gt;Sentiasa berkawan.&lt;br /&gt;Hatinya mudah terusik tetapi merajuknya tak lama.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat marah.&lt;br /&gt;Macam pentingkan diri sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak menolong orang kecuali diminta.&lt;br /&gt;Suka melihat dari perspektifnya sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak suka terima pandangan orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Emosi yang mudah terusik.&lt;br /&gt;Suka berangan &amp; pandai bercakap.&lt;br /&gt;Emosi yang kelam kabut.&lt;br /&gt;Daya firasat yang sangat kuat (terutamanya perempuan).&lt;br /&gt;Suka melancong, bidang sastera &amp; seni.&lt;br /&gt;Pengasih, penyayang &amp; lemah lembut.&lt;br /&gt;Romantik dalam percintaan.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah terusik hati &amp; cemburu.&lt;br /&gt;Ambil berat tentang orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Suka kegiatan luar.&lt;br /&gt;Seorang yang adil.&lt;br /&gt;Boros &amp; mudah dipengaruhi persekitaran.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah patah semangat&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NOVEMBER&lt;br /&gt;Banyak idea dalam perkara.&lt;br /&gt;Sukar untuk dimengertikan atau difahami sikapnya.&lt;br /&gt;Berfikiran kehadapan.&lt;br /&gt;Berfikiran unik dan bijak.&lt;br /&gt;Penuh dengan idea-idea baru yang luarbiasa.&lt;br /&gt;Pemikiran yang tajam.&lt;br /&gt;Daya firasat yang sangat halus dan tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Sesuai jadi seorang doktor.&lt;br /&gt;Cermat dan teliti.&lt;br /&gt;Personaliti yang dinamik.&lt;br /&gt;Sifat yang berahsia, pandai mencungkil dan mencari rahsia.&lt;br /&gt;Banyak berfikir, kurang bercakap tetapi mesra.&lt;br /&gt;Berani, pemurah setia dan banyak kesabaran.&lt;br /&gt;Terlalu degil dan keras hati.&lt;br /&gt;Apabila berkehendak sesuatu, akan diusahakan sehingga berjaya.&lt;br /&gt;Tak suka marah kecuali digugat.&lt;br /&gt;Mudah ambil berat terhadap orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai muhasabah diri.&lt;br /&gt;Cara berfikir yang lain dari orang lain.&lt;br /&gt;Otak yang sangat tajam.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai mendorong diri sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak hargai pujian.&lt;br /&gt;Kekuatan semangat dan daya juang yang sangat tinggi apabila berkehendak sesuatu.&lt;br /&gt;Cuba sampai berjaya.&lt;br /&gt;Badan yang sasa.&lt;br /&gt;Kasih sayang dan emosi yang sangat mendalam dan romantik.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak pasti dengan hubungan kasih sayang.&lt;br /&gt;Suka duduk d irumah.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat rajin dan berkemampuan tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Amanah, jujur, setia dan pandai berahsia.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak berapa berjaya dalam mengawal emosi.&lt;br /&gt;Bercita-cita tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Perangai tidak dapat diramal dan mudah berubah-ubah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DESEMBER&lt;br /&gt;Sangat setia dan pemurah.&lt;br /&gt;Bersifat patriotik.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat aktif dalam permainan dan pergaulan.&lt;br /&gt;Sikap kurang sabar dan tergesa-gesa.&lt;br /&gt;Bercita-cita tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Suka menjadi orang yang berpengaruh dalam organisasi.&lt;br /&gt;Seronok bila didampingi.&lt;br /&gt;Suka bercampur dengan orang.&lt;br /&gt;Suka dipuji, diberi perhatian dan dibelai.&lt;br /&gt;Sangat jujur, amanah dan bertolak ansur.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak pandai berpura-pura.&lt;br /&gt;Cepat marah.&lt;br /&gt;Perangai yang mudah berubah-ubah.&lt;br /&gt;Tidak ego walaupun harga dirinya sangat tinggi.&lt;br /&gt;Benci pada kongkongan.&lt;br /&gt;Suka berlawak.&lt;br /&gt;Pandai buat lawak dan berfikiran logik&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-4337477905816260101?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/4337477905816260101/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/rahasia-bulan-kelahiran.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4337477905816260101'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4337477905816260101'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/rahasia-bulan-kelahiran.html' title='Rahasia Bulan Kelahiran'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-595527547490529363</id><published>2009-01-31T00:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T00:51:58.862-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad</title><content type='html'>Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad became the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia on 16 July 1981.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Born on 20 December 1925 in Alor Setar, the capital of the State of Kedah, Tun Dr. Mahathir did his early and secondary education in his home town. In 1947, he gained admission into the King Edward VII College of Medicine in Singapore.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upon graduation, he joined the Malaysian government service as a Medical Officer. He left in 1957 to set up his own practice in Alor Setar. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tun Dr. Mahathir has been active in politics since 1945. He has been a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) since its inception in 1946.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was first elected as a Member of Parliament following the General Elections in 1964. However, he lost his seat in the subsequent General Election in 1969. Owing to his keen interest in the country's education, he was appointed Chairman of the first Higher Education Council in 1968, Member of the Higher Education Advisory Council in 1972, Member of the University Court and University of Malaya Council, and Chairman of the National University Council in 1974.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1973, Tun Dr. Mahathir was appointed a Senator. He relinquished this post in order to contest in the 1974 General Elections where he was returned unopposed. Following the elections, Tun Dr. Mahathir was appointed the Minister of Education.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1976, Tun Dr. Mahathir was made Deputy Prime Minister in addition to his Education portfolio. In a Cabinet reshuffle two years later, he relinquished the Education portfolio for that of Trade and Industry. As Minister of Trade and Industry, he led several investment promotion missions overseas. Tun Dr. Mahathir was elected as one of the three Vice Presidents of UMNO in 1975. In 1978, he won the Deputy President seat and in 1981, he was appointed President of the party. He was returned unopposed as President in 1984.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the 1987 party elections, Tun Dr. Mahathir defeated his challenger to retain the Presidency and in 1990 and 1993, he was again returned unopposed as party President. Under his leadership, the ruling party Barisan Nasional (National Front) won landslide victories in the 1982, 1986, 1990, 1995 and 1999 General Elections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tun Dr. Mahathir is married to a doctor, Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah bt Mohd Ali, and they have seven children Marina, Mirzan, Melinda, Mokhzani, Mukhriz, Maizura and Mazhar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tun Dr. Mahathir stepped down as Prime Minister on October 31st 2003.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-595527547490529363?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/595527547490529363/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/dr-mahathir-bin-mohamad.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/595527547490529363'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/595527547490529363'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/dr-mahathir-bin-mohamad.html' title='Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-8315518632330366970</id><published>2009-01-31T00:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T00:35:14.520-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>System Of A Down Profile</title><content type='html'>SERJ TANKIAN | Vocals &lt;br /&gt;SHAVO ODADJIAN | Bass &lt;br /&gt;DARON MALAKIAN | Guitar &lt;br /&gt;JOHN DOLMAYAN | Drums &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Three years and eight months after the release of Toxicity, one of this decade’s most corrosively powerful, relevant and down-right important albums, System of a Down— guitarist/singer Daron Malakian, singer Serj Tankian, bass player Shavo Odadjian and drummer John Dolmayan—unleashes Mezmerize /Hypnotize… Well, actually, what they’re doing is unleashing half of it—the Mezmerize half—with the understanding that attention spans aren’t what they used to be in the Too-Much-Information Age. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can count on System, one of rock’s most daring and innovative bands, to do things in its own way, and with a level of commitment that’ll knock the wind right out of you. “This band’s what Public Enemy once was and what Rage Against the Machine never quite managed to be: the potent trifecta of credibility, sincerity and real danger,” pronounced Esquire on naming them “Best Agitators” in the magazine’s 2005 Esky Music Awards. If you were looking for the ultimate one-sentence summation of this extraordinary band, that’s pretty good. Malakian has his own take. “We’re really an honest band—that’s why people are listening to us,” he asserts. “We’re not bullshitting ourselves and we’re not bullshitting them.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tankian’s take is even more succinct. “Our music has always been urgent, critical and questioning, and that still remains,” he says. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“We’re artists for the sake of art,” Tankian continues. “And our expression is pure and natural in terms of where it comes from. I think that’s always better with art because, once you have something in mind and you try to achieve it, it becomes less pure in some ways. If you just let whatever expression there is come out—it might be socially viable, it might be political, romantic, humorous, a personal narrative, a philosophical thought, whatever it is—if it’s pure and it just comes out and you leave it that way, I think it’s more potent. I think it’s more real.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fate chose this group of Armenian Americans, two of whom were born in Lebanon, one in Armenia and another in Hollywood, as unknowing prophets. Toxicity, System’s second album, appeared on Sept. 4, 2001 and was at the top of the charts on Sept. 12, while America and the world were paralyzed with grief, shock and fear. Perhaps because the music of Toxicity was so uncompromising and yet so full of humanity at its extremes, it provided a suitably harrowing soundtrack for that unimaginable moment, striking a deep nerve. The album generated four Top 10 singles, including the #1 “Aerials,” and went on to sell 6 million copies, establishing System not as some prefab mainstream commercial entity but rather as an urgent voice in the uncharted wilderness that was heard—and believed—by a great many human beings. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Just over a year later, the band offered up Steal This Album!, made up of tracks that had been started during the Toxicity sessions but didn’t fit that album’s dedicated confrontational vibe—tracks that put a greater emphasis on melody and the two-part harmonies of Malakian and Tankian. With Steal!, System, which up to that point had pitched nothing but fastballs (although some were of the split-finger variety), showed that it had a command of all kinds of stuff, and potent stuff at that. Thus, Mezmerize /Hypnotize is both the long-awaited follow-up to Toxicity in big-picture terms and a natural progression from Steal This Album! in a musical sense. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“People ask, ‘How are you gonna compete with Toxicity?’” Malakian points out. “And the answer is: by not competing with it. By not being afraid to use the new ideas that we have. Some bands are afraid of their fans: ‘They’re not gonna like this and they’re not gonna like that.’ We don’t have that mindset. We’ve gotta impress ourselves before we impress the fans—you gotta love yourself first, you know? I’ve gotta feel like we have everything it takes to make a record that’s better than anything we’ve done.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I look at everything we do as a continuation because it’s the same band and the same four individuals,” says Dolmayan, “So Mezmerize /Hypnotize is still System of a Down, but definitely there’s a huge growth. It’s more melodic but at the same time more aggressive. Every album captures where you are at that moment, but almost instantly you’re in a new place, as soon as it’s recorded, so it’s just basically a window into where you’re going in the future. And how people want to look at that and understand it is really up to each individual.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malakian not only produced the band’s magnum opus with Rick Rubin, as he did with Toxicity and Steal This Album!, but also increased his already considerable song, arrangement and vocal contributions, stepping forward both as a lead vocalist and as one half of System’s distinctive harmonies. Malakian’s increased foreground presence poses no problems for Tankian. “It’s not hard for me because we’ve been working together for over 10 years,” Serj points out. “I don’t necessarily encompass his words when I sing them—I approach them from my perspective and what they make me feel.” This is the same sort of statement one might expect to hear from Mick Jagger in describing his relationship with Keith Richards, or Robert Plant on Jimmy Page. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Likewise, Tankian, who shared production chores on Toxicity, broadened his own contributions in terms of writing music and arranging. In addition to writing more than half of the lyrics for both Mezmerize and Hypnotize, he played acoustic guitars, pianos and synths on the new album, as well as handling the string arrangements, doing most of it in his well-appointed home studio. There’s a great deal of back and forth between them in the creation of material, as Malakian explains: “I might have a great chorus but I don’t think the verse is that great, so I’ll ask Serj, ‘Can you make the verse better?’ And he does the same thing with me on stuff that he writes.” Both artists, then, have stepped up and branched out as their band matures, but their interaction is ongoing. So many great rock &amp; roll bands have been led by tandems, and System of a Down is no exception. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;System of a Down wrote some 30 tracks for Mezmerize/Hypnotize and recorded them at Rubin's Laurel Canyon studio between June and November of 2004. The new songs are more complex, more progressive, more unorthodox and more experimental than ever, while retaining the idiosyncratic, ironic and schizophrenic qualities that make System of a Down so distinctive. Among the uncompromising songs contained on Mezmerize are “Cigaro,” “Violent Pornography,” “Sad Statue,” “Radio/Video” and “Revenga.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Malakian, the ramping up of melody and vocal interaction between the two collaborators is “part of the band’s evolution.” His priorities in developing the material for Mezmerize/Hypnotize involved “just being honest as a writer—not being afraid to express different parts of my life and different parts of what I see around me. Some people kind of censor themselves; I don’t and this band doesn’t. It’s a crazy time in the world, and I just stay focused on being inspired, not only by the crazy times but also by everyday life. It all meshes together. You can look at these songs from the viewpoint of a normal Joe or you can look at it in a broader way, because there’s a world going on around this normal Joe.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The new album’s character is encapsulated by the jaw-dropping first single, “B.Y.O.B.,” with its myriad shifts in tempo, tone and viewpoint. The track starts out with System’s signature teeth-baring ferocity, as Tankian howls like an opera singer on steroids about a world gone mad while his cohorts impersonate the RATATAT of an AK47. Then, just as abruptly, a second protagonist comes into the frame, this one a carefree dude cruising eastward on the San Bernardino Freeway en route to a party in the desert, the scene delivered via a delectable minor-key pop hook. Thereafter, like some chemically amplified fever dream, the settings keep shifting until they begin to overlap, and a voice—Malakian’s—screams, “Blast off / It’s party time / And where the fuck are you?,” setting up the bitter incantation, in yet a third distinct time signature, that sends the song—and the listener—over the edge: “Why don’t presidents fight the war? / Why do they always send the poor? / Why do they always send the poor?” The song is so epic that it seems much bigger than its 4:17 length, and when it’s over, the listener is spent, enraged and exhilarated, all at once. And that’s just the first track of an album that packs a world of compressed fury into its 37 minutes. But it isn’t gratuitous fury. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Originally, there was, in my own performance—on the first album, for example—a lot more ferocity and rage and aggression in terms of how I expressed myself,” Serj points out. “Whereas, now, it’s almost like a way of shaking things up to raise my voice, to communicate on an intense-energy level—which I would say is as powerful as anger and rage, yet more focused and productive.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The album ends—this half of Mezmerize/Hypnotize does, at any rate—just as thrillingly as it begins, with Malakian’s double-cheeseburger reflection on his ugly, beautiful and bizarre hometown, comprising the Spandex-style rocker “Old School Hollywood” (ironic, maybe, but bitchen for sure), inspired in part by his surreal experience on the field at Dodger Stadium for the 2003 celebrity game, segueing into “Lost in Hollywood,” a bittersweet journey back to “the streets where I grew up,” which has to be the most beautiful and haunting song this band has ever recorded. Admittedly, “bittersweet,” “beautiful” and “haunting” haven’t been used a whole lot in describing System of a Down up to now, but this band is endlessly surprising, and they refuse to be typecast. From moment to moment within any given track, they might be perceived as art rock, hard rock, Floydian prog-rock, psychedelia, politically charged hardcore, nu-metal, old metal or even Gilbert &amp; Sullivan from some parallel universe, but in the end they’re System, period—unpredictable and indescribable. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“In terms of dichotomy and the dynamics of the songs, it just kind of comes naturally through Daron’s songwriting and my songwriting,” says Tankian. “We just go with it. To me, it’s always been interesting both musically and lyrically to put two things next to each other that don’t have a previous relationship and see what kind of relationship I can create out of them, because I think that’s creating something new. If you can make it work, it’s fun.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The band has no overriding concept, meaning each of their albums is—just as Dolmayan says—essentially a representation of these particular individuals at a particular moment in time. Simple, right? Right. And also incredibly complex—as complex as human beings and the world they’re living in, a world seemingly without absolutes or easy answers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I don’t really have a side—I’m not red or blue,” says Malakian. “And since I did write a good part of the lyrics on this record, the songs tend to take a middle ground rather than being one-sided about it. I think that’s why my world and Serj’s come together so well lyrically, because he’s more politically motivated and I’m not, but some of his stuff makes mine more serious, and some of my stuff makes his stuff a little bit more human. As I was sequencing the records, I realized that if I went to a shrink and he hypnotized me, I would be singing some of these songs.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I don’t feel any particular responsibility in discussing social or political things,” Tankian explains. “It’s something that’s in my heart. I’ve always had a problem with injustice, whether it’s personal, national, international or universal. It’s just always bothered me to the point where I have to say or do something. I think action is worth a million words, though, as far as that’s concerned. But ultimately, if there’s one thing I’d like to do more than anything else, it’s to not take this life so seriously.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There’s not a trace of arrogance in this band, despite the scope of its success. In its place is a disarming humility. “I didn’t find music—music found me,” Malakian says, clearly in awe of the part he feels destiny tapped him to play. Odadjian is similarly grateful to be where he is in life. “Every day that comes, I thank my Higher Power that I’m alive and doing what I do for a living, because I love it,” he says. “It’s something I’ve dreamt of doing, and I’ve worked my ass off to get where I’m at. I don’t take any of it for granted.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They operate as a democracy, with each band member embracing his own particular role while contributing to System’s unorthodox but remarkably harmonious dynamic, which comprises intricate relationship vectors. Odadjian, for example, handles System’s stage production and is involved with the band’s videos as a director (Toxicity’s “Chop Suey” and “Aerials”) and editor (“B.Y.O.B.”) “We have our arguments,” Dolmayan acknowledges, “but in the end, if someone has a compelling argument, everyone else will listen, even if that person’s in the minority. So it’s a true democracy in that everyone’s voice is heard.” Dolmayan pauses for the punch line. “Some people talk more than others,” he quips. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And speaking of relationships, System has a deep connection with its audience. The band’s fans seem to receive the music precisely in the spirit in which it’s offered, making it the rarest of situations—particularly in the context of commercial art forms—and certainly the most rewarding. “The impact that we’ve had on people, artistically, socially and politically, is pretty amazing,” Tankian marvels. “It’s a huge compliment, and it’s a very special thing. I think System of a Down in itself is very special in that sense. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“It’s about the audience finding you, rather than you finding the audience,” Tankian offers. “A lot of bands are marketed by labels to certain demographics. With us it was just the opposite from Day One. We toured pretty heavily until we built up a certain amount of fans that bought our CDs and saw our shows before we approached radio or video in any way. So that set us apart. That’s the old-fashioned way, and it’s how bands should be broken. And that’s why I think—luckily—we’ve had a good long career, and one that’s perpetually increasing. We’re not an overnight-success kind of band.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Remember, Mezmerize is only the first half of this serial double album, so expect another sheaf of surprises when Hypnotize sees the light of day later this year. “The end of Hypnotize will tie together Mezmerize,” Daron promises, “but it’s really tough to explain until you hear it. Individually, in my opinion, they both stand on their own, but until you hear the second one you won’t know how the two records come together as one. We’re not leavin’ you dry.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Don’t expect these guys to ever follow any script but their own—they make it up as they go along, and yet it always turns out to be right on the nose. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I think you do what you’re destined to do,” says Tankian, expressing what could serve as his band’s credo. “If you follow your heart and you follow your path, then you’ll always be safe with anything that you do, including art.”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-8315518632330366970?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/8315518632330366970/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/system-of-down-profile.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8315518632330366970'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8315518632330366970'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/system-of-down-profile.html' title='System Of A Down Profile'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-7140314924998179358</id><published>2009-01-31T00:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-31T00:31:12.974-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>RADIOHEAD</title><content type='html'>Radiohead was one of the few alternative bands of the early '90s to draw heavily from the grandiose arena rock that characterized U2's early albums. But the band internalized that epic sweep, turning it inside out to tell tortured, twisted tales of angst and alienation. Vocalist Thom Yorke's pained lyrics were brought to life by the group's three-guitar attack, which relied on texture -- borrowing as much from My Bloody Valentine and Pink Floyd as R.E.M. and Pixies -- instead of virtuosity. It took Radiohead awhile to formulate their signature sound. Their 1993 debut, Pablo Honey, only suggested their potential, and one of its songs, "Creep," became an unexpected international hit, its angst-ridden lyrics making it an alternative rock anthem. Many observers pigeonholed Radiohead as a one-hit wonder, but the group's second album, The Bends, was released to terrific reviews in the band's native Britain in early 1995, helping build a more stable fan base. Having demonstrated unexpected staying power, as well as increasing ambition, Radiohead next released OK Computer, a progressive, electronic-tinged masterpiece that became one of the most acclaimed albums of the '90s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar), Ed O'Brien (guitar, vocals), Jonny Greenwood (guitar), Colin Greenwood (bass), and Phil Selway (drums) formed Radiohead as students at Oxford University in 1988. Initially called On a Friday, the band began pursuing a musical career in earnest in the early '90s, releasing the Drill EP in 1992. Shortly afterward, the group signed to EMI/Capitol and released the single "Creep," a fusion of R.E.M. and Nirvana highlighted by a noisy burst of feedback prior to the chorus. "Creep" was a moderate hit, and their next two singles, "Anyone Can Play Guitar" and "Pop Is Dead," built a small following, even as the British music press ignored the group. Pablo Honey, Radiohead's debut album, was released to mixed reviews in the spring of 1993. As the band launched a European supporting tour, "Creep" became a sudden smash hit in America, earning heavy airplay on modern rock radio and MTV. On the back of the single's success, Radiohead toured the U.S. extensively, opening for Belly and Tears for Fears. All the exposure helped Pablo Honey go gold, and "Creep" was re-released in the U.K. at the end of 1993. This time, the single became a Top Ten hit, and the band spent the following summer touring the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although "Creep" made Radiohead a success, it also led many observers to peg the band as a one-hit wonder. Conscious of such thinking, the group entered the studio with producer John Leckie to record its second album, The Bends. Upon its spring 1995 release, The Bends was greeted with overwhelmingly enthusiastic reviews, all of which praised the group's deeper, more mature sound. However, positive reviews didn't sell albums, as Radiohead struggled to be heard during the U.K.'s summer of Britpop and as American radio programmers and MTV ignored the record. The band continued to tour as the opening act on R.E.M.'s prestigious Monster tour. By the end of the year, The Bends began to catch on, thanks not only to the band's constant touring but also to the stark, startling video for "Just." The album made many year-end best-of lists in the U.K., and early in 1996 the record re-entered the British Top Ten and climbed to gold status in the U.S., helped in the latter by the video for "Fake Plastic Trees." During the first half of 1996, Radiohead continued to tour before re-entering the studio that fall to record their third album, OK Computer, which was released in the summer of 1997. A devoted following of fans and a handful of enthusiastic critical supporters immediately embraced the album's majestic blend of unfettered prog rock, post-punk angst, eerie electronic textures, and assured songwriting. Since it skillfully teetered between rock classicism and futurism, it earned near-unanimous critical and popular support over the course of the year, which turned into unrestrained adoration in the final two years of the decade, even though its sales still hadn't climbed above gold status. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Expectations for Radiohead's fourth album were stratospheric, which placed additional pressure on the already perfectionist band, and led to several stumbling blocks along the way. An intense buzz of excitement among the band's still-growing following greeted the prerelease appearance of most of the album's tracks on the Internet in MP3 form; they displayed an all-out fascination with challenging, often minimalist electronica. Titled Kid A, the album was finally released in October 2000 and astonished many observers by debuting at number one on the U.S. album charts. While the band didn't release any singles or embark on a formal tour, the album met with a mixed critical response as the group was accused of creating a distant and radio-unfriendly record; however, it did remain a fan favorite. In June of 2001, Radiohead quickly released an album under the name Amnesiac that consisted of material that was recorded during the Kid A sessions. The band made it very clear, though, that it was not to be considered an outtakes album; rather, they insisted that the two albums were of clear and separate concept. Regardless, Amnesiac debuted at number one in the U.K. and number two on the U.S. chart (behind then-stronghold Staind), while outselling Kid A in week one by 25,000 copies. The singles Pyramid Song and Knives Out were culled from Amnesiac with a subsequent world tour. While planning I Might Be Wrong for a third single, the idea expanded into a live "mini-album" that was released in November of 2001. Making for their third release in 13 months, the tracks were collected from four different shows in Europe and included an unreleased song, "True Love Waits."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-7140314924998179358?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/7140314924998179358/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/radiohead.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7140314924998179358'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7140314924998179358'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/radiohead.html' title='RADIOHEAD'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-702274358275218416</id><published>2009-01-28T19:15:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-28T19:16:20.904-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>MUSE</title><content type='html'>Muse adalah sebuah band rock asal&lt;br /&gt;Inggris yang terbentuk di Teignmouth, Devon, tahun 1997. Band ini&lt;br /&gt;terdiri dari Matthew Bellamy (vocal, gitar, keyboard), Chris&lt;br /&gt;Wolstenholme (bas, gitar, keyboard, vocal) dan Dominic Howard (drum,&lt;br /&gt;perkusi). Baru-baru ini, Morgan Nicholls ditampilkan pada posisi&lt;br /&gt;gitar dan keyboard setiap kali Muse mengadakan konser album Black&lt;br /&gt;Holes And Reve. Musik mereka merupakan gabungan dari rock&lt;br /&gt;alternative, rock progresif, musik klasik, elektronika, rock indie,&lt;br /&gt;dan heavy metal. Band ini terkenal dengan aksi panggung mereka yang&lt;br /&gt;enerjik dan ketertarikan eksentrik Bellamy akan hal-hal yang berbau&lt;br /&gt;konspirasi global, kehidupan luar jagat raya, teologi dan hal-hal&lt;br /&gt;mengenai wahyu. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SEJARAH&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formasi Tahun-tahun Awal (1992-1997)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Personil Muse pada awalnya merupakan&lt;br /&gt;anggota band-band yang berbeda pada Teignmouth Community College pada&lt;br /&gt;awal 90-an. Formasi Muse diawali setelah Bellamy sukses melewati&lt;br /&gt;audisi untuk posisi gitar pada band milik Dominic Howard. Mereka&lt;br /&gt;mengalami kesulitan setelah gitaris mereka, Phys Vandit, memilih&lt;br /&gt;untuk keluar, sehingga mereka meminta teman dekat mereka, Chris&lt;br /&gt;Wolstenholme untuk mempelajari permainan gitar bas. Sebelum&lt;br /&gt;mengadopsi nama Muse, nama band sendiri sering berganti sejalan&lt;br /&gt;perjalanan waktu. Nama-nama band yang pernah digunakan adalah Gothic&lt;br /&gt;Plague, Carnage Mahyem, Fixed Penalty, dan Rocket Baby Dolls&lt;br /&gt;(kronologi nama-nama ini tidak jelas disebabkan oleh informasi yang&lt;br /&gt;berbeda-beda yang diberikan Muse pada wawancara yang berbeda-beda).&lt;br /&gt;Pada tahun 1994, dengan nama Rocekt Baby Dolls dan dengan image&lt;br /&gt;gothic, grup ini memenangkan kontes Battle Of The Bands dan&lt;br /&gt;melambungkan nama mereka (mereka dianggap satu-satunya ‘band rock&lt;br /&gt;sejati’ pada kontes itu). Singkatnya, setelah kontes itu, mereka&lt;br /&gt;memutuskan untuk tidak melanjutkan kuliah mereka dan lebih memilih&lt;br /&gt;berkarir di bidang musik professional. Mereka mengubah nama mereka&lt;br /&gt;menjadi Muse dan mulai mengadakan konser di kelab-kelab malam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EP Pertama Dan Showbiz (1998-2000)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah beberapa tahun membangun basis&lt;br /&gt;fans di London, mereka mulai menancapkan tajinya di Manchester. Muse&lt;br /&gt;bertemu dengan Dennis Smith, pemilik Sawmills, sebuah studio rekaman&lt;br /&gt;di Cornwall, Barat Daya Inggris. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pertemuan ini membawa mereka ke rekaman&lt;br /&gt;pertama dan peluncuran album pertama, EP, yang mana cover depan album&lt;br /&gt;ini didesain sendiri oleh sang drummer, Dominic, di studio pelabelan&lt;br /&gt;Sawmill, Dangerous. EP mereka yang kedua, Muscle Museum EP,&lt;br /&gt;mengundang perhatian jurnalis musik Inggris, Steve Lamacq dan&lt;br /&gt;publikasi musik Inggris mingguan, NME. Muse kemudian dinaungi oleh&lt;br /&gt;perusahaan produksi musik, Taste Media (Muse bergabung dengan&lt;br /&gt;perusahaan ini pada tiga album pertama mereka). Hal ini sangat&lt;br /&gt;menguntungkan Muse karena mereka dapat mengekspresikan musik dan&lt;br /&gt;skill individual mereka secara bebas pada awal karir-karir mereka. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Origin Of Symmetry (2001-2002)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Album kedua mereka, Origin of Symmetry,&lt;br /&gt;yang diproduksi oleh Leckie, menyajikan musik yang lebih keras, suara&lt;br /&gt;rock yang lebih sangar, dengan permainan bas Wolstenholme, yang&lt;br /&gt;terampil, berdistorsi atau bersintesis, yang kadang-kadang menggunkan&lt;br /&gt;teknik klasik pada lagu seperti “Seperti Dementia”. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Band ini mencoba instrumentasi&lt;br /&gt;non-ortodoks, seperti orjen gereja, Mellotron dan peti drum. Lebih&lt;br /&gt;terasa garis vocal Bellamy yang tinggi, permainan gitar yang&lt;br /&gt;arpegiasi dan permainan piano yang berbeda yang terinspirasi dari&lt;br /&gt;karya pianis pada pergerakan Romantisisme, khususnya Rusia,&lt;br /&gt;Rachmaninov dan Tchaikovsky. Juga influens musik minimalis yang jelas&lt;br /&gt;seperti Philip Glass. Bellamy menyebutkan bahwa influens musiknya&lt;br /&gt;adalah Ned (Atomic Dustbin) dan Tom Morello (Audioslave dan Race&lt;br /&gt;Against The Machine) dan hal ini dibuktikan dengan lagu-lagu yang&lt;br /&gt;berbasis urak-urakan pada Origin Of Symmetry dan penggunaan efek&lt;br /&gt;pitch-shifting pada permainan solo Bellamy yang ekstensif. Album ini&lt;br /&gt;juga menampilkan karya Anthony Newley dan Leslie Bricusse; “Feeling&lt;br /&gt;Good” yang diaransemen kembali…&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-702274358275218416?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/702274358275218416/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/muse.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/702274358275218416'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/702274358275218416'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/muse.html' title='MUSE'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-6036121178791268037</id><published>2009-01-23T00:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-23T00:53:39.314-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LOVE'/><title type='text'>KATA - KATA MUTIARA</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmFT1qm9rI/AAAAAAAAACI/H0eDopyIJ8g/s1600-h/Love_heart_uidaodjsdsew.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 258px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmFT1qm9rI/AAAAAAAAACI/H0eDopyIJ8g/s320/Love_heart_uidaodjsdsew.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294409412820530866" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smile is the shortest distance between two people.&lt;br /&gt;Senyum adalah jarak yang terdekat antara dua manusia . &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Real power does not hit hard , but straight to the point.&lt;br /&gt;Kekuatan yang sesungguhnya tidak memukul dengan keras , tetapi tepat sasaran &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You have to endure caterpillars if you want to see butterflies. (Antoine De Saint)&lt;br /&gt;Anda harus tahan terhadap ulat jika ingin dapat melihat kupu-kupu. (Antoine De Saint) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Only the man who is in the truth is a free man.&lt;br /&gt;Hanya orang yang berada dalam kebenaranlah orang yang bebas. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Every dark light is followed by a light morning.&lt;br /&gt;Malam yang gelap selalu diikuti pagi yang tenang. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laughing is healthy, especially if you laugh about yourself.&lt;br /&gt;Tertawa itu sehat, lebih-lebih jika mentertawakan diri sendiri. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The danger of small mistakes is that those mistakes are not always small.&lt;br /&gt;Bahayanya kesalahan-kesalahan kecil adalah bahwa kesalahan-kesalahan itu tidak selalu kecil.&lt;br /&gt;Kesalahan kecil bisa mengakibatkan kesalahan yang lebih besar. Bersamaan dengan kesalahan itu, persoalannya bisa menjadi besar pula. Maka kesalahan kecil pun harus segera dibetulkan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be silent is the biggest art in a conversation.&lt;br /&gt;Sikap diam adalah seni yang terhebat dalam suatu pembicaraan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The worst in the business world is the situation of no decision. (Napoleon).&lt;br /&gt;Yang terparah dalam dunia usaha adalah keadaan tidak ada keputusan. (Napoleon). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dig a well before you become thirsty.&lt;br /&gt;Galilah sumur sebelum Anda merasa haus. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Good manners consist of small sacrifices.&lt;br /&gt;Sopan – santun yang baik yang terdiri dari pengorbanan –pengorbanan kecil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IDEAS ARE ONLY SEEDS, TO PICK THE CROPS NEEDS PERSPIRATION.&lt;br /&gt;GAGASAN-GAGASAN HANYALAH BIBIT, MENUAI HASILNYA MEMBUTUHKAN KERINGAT.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LAZINESS MAKES A MAN SO SLOW THAT POV ERTY SOON OVERTAKE HIM.&lt;br /&gt;KEMALASAN MEMBUAT SESEORANG BEGITU LAMBAN SEHINGGA KEMISKINAN SEGERA MENYUSUL.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THOSE WHO ARE ABLE TO CONTROL THEIR RAGE CAN CONQUER THEIR MOST SERIOUS ENEMY.&lt;br /&gt;SIAPA YANG DAPAT MENAHAN MARAHNYA MAMPU MENGALAHKAN MUSUHNYA YANG PALING BERBAHAYA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ARE TOOLS, THE WORKMAN IS CHARACTER.&lt;br /&gt;PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN ADALAH ALAT, YANG MENENTUKAN SUKSES ADALAH TABIAT.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A HEALTHY MAN HAS A HUNDRED WISHES, A SICK MAN HAS ONLY ONE.&lt;br /&gt;ORANG YANG SEHAT MEMPUNYAI SERATUS KEINGINAN, ORANG YANG SAKIT HANYA PUNYA SATU KEINGINAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A MEDICAL DOCTOR MAKES ONE HEALTHY, THE NATURE CREATES THE HEALTH. (Aristoteles)&lt;br /&gt;SEORANG DOKTER MENYEMBUHKAN, DAN ALAM YANG MENCIPTAKAN KESEHATAN. (Aristoteles)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE MAN WHO SAYS HE NEVER HAS TIME IS THE LAZIEST MAN.(Lichtenberg)&lt;br /&gt;ORANG YANG MENGATAKAN TIDAK PUNYA WAKTU ADALAH ORANG YANG PEMALAS.(Lichterberg)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POLITENESS IS THE OIL WHICH REDUCES THE FRICTION AGAINST EACH OTHER. (Demokritus).&lt;br /&gt;SOPAN-SANTU ADALAH IBARAT MINYAK YANG MENGURANGI GESEKAN SATU DENGAN YANG LAIN. (Demokritus).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A DROP OF INK CAN MOVE A MILLION PEOPLE TO THINK.&lt;br /&gt;SETETES TINTA BISA MENGGERAKAN SEJUTA MANUSIA UNTUK BERFIKIR.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WE CAN TAKE FROM OUR LIFE UP TO WHAT WE PUT TO IT.&lt;br /&gt;APA YANG BISA KITA DAPAT DARI KEHIDUPAN KITA TERGANTUNG DARI APA YANG KITA MASUKKAN KE SITU.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;REAL POWER DOES NOT HIT HARD, BUT STRAIGHT TO THE POINT.&lt;br /&gt;KEKUATAN YANG SESUNGGUHNYA TIDAK MEMUKUL DENGAN KERAS, TETAPI TEPAT SASARAN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IF YOU LEAVE EVERYTHING TO YOUR GOOD LUCK, THEN YOU MAKE YOUR LIFE A LOTTERY.&lt;br /&gt;JIKA ANDA MENGANTUNGKAN DIRI PADA KEBERUNTUNGAN SAJA, ANDA MEMBUAT HIDUP ANDA SEPERTI LOTERE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;REAL POWER DOES NOT HIT HARD, BUT STRAIGHT TO THE POINT.&lt;br /&gt;KEKUATAN YANG SESUNGGUHNYA TIDAK MEMUKUL DENGAN KERAS, TETAPI TEPAT SASARAN.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BEING CAREFUL IN JUDGING AN OPINION IS A SIGN OF WISDOM.&lt;br /&gt;KEHATI-HATIAN DALAM MENILAI PENDAPAT ORANG ADALAH CIRI KEMATANGAN JIWA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;YOU RECOGNIZE BIRDS FROM THEIR SINGGING, YOU DO PEOPLE FROM THEIR TALKS.&lt;br /&gt;BURUNG DIKENAL DARI NYANYIANNYA, MANUSIA DARI KATA-KATANYA. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ONE OUNCE OF PREVENT IS EQUAL TO ONE POUND OF MEDICINE.&lt;br /&gt;SATU ONS PENCEGAHAN SAMA NILAINYA DENGAN SATU PON OBAT.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-6036121178791268037?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/6036121178791268037/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/kata-kata-mutiara.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6036121178791268037'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6036121178791268037'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/kata-kata-mutiara.html' title='KATA - KATA MUTIARA'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmFT1qm9rI/AAAAAAAAACI/H0eDopyIJ8g/s72-c/Love_heart_uidaodjsdsew.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-536780637196027321</id><published>2009-01-23T00:37:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-23T00:40:08.351-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LOVE'/><title type='text'>CINTA OH.... CINTA</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmCSQTmqjI/AAAAAAAAACA/iUIJIb_zVPE/s1600-h/images+1.jpeg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height: 113px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmCSQTmqjI/AAAAAAAAACA/iUIJIb_zVPE/s320/images+1.jpeg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294406087077177906" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmCSM-UMCI/AAAAAAAAAB4/F-V3A9WUE4A/s1600-h/images.jpeg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height: 121px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmCSM-UMCI/AAAAAAAAAB4/F-V3A9WUE4A/s320/images.jpeg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294406086182580258" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta tidak pernah meminta, ia sentiasa memberi, cinta membawa penderitaan, tetapi tidak pernah berdendam, tak pernah membalas dendam. Di mana ada cinta di situ ada kehidupan; manakala kebencian membawa kepada kemusnahan.~ Mahatma Ghandi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tuhan memberi kita dua kaki untuk berjalan, dua tangan untuk memegang, dua telinga untuk mendengar dan dua mata untuk melihat. Tetapi mengapa Tuhan hanya menganugerahkan sekeping hati pada kita? Karena Tuhan telah memberikan sekeping lagi hati pada seseorang untuk kita mencarinya. Itulah namanya Cinta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada 2 titis air mata mengalir di sebuah sungai. Satu titis air mata tu menyapa air mata yg satu lagi,” Saya air mata seorang gadis yang mencintai seorang lelaki tetapi telah kehilangannya. Siapa kamu pula?”. Jawab titis air mata kedua tu,” Saya air mata seorang lelaki yang menyesal membiarkan seorang gadis yang mencintai saya berlalu begitu sahaja.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta sejati adalah ketika dia mencintai orang lain, dan kamu masih mampu tersenyum, sambil berkata: aku turut bahagia untukmu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika kita mencintai seseorang, kita akan sentiasa mendoakannya walaupun dia tidak berada disisi kita.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jangan sesekali mengucapkan selamat tinggal jika kamu masih mau mencoba. Jangan sesekali menyerah jika kamu masih merasa sanggup. Jangan sesekali mengatakan kamu tidak mencintainya lagi jika kamu masih tidak dapat melupakannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perasaan cinta itu dimulai dari mata, sedangkan rasa suka dimulai dari telinga. Jadi jika kamu mahu berhenti menyukai seseorang, cukup dengan menutup telinga. Tapi apabila kamu Coba menutup matamu dari orang yang kamu cintai, cinta itu berubah menjadi titisan air mata dan terus tinggal dihatimu dalam jarak waktu yang cukup lama.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta datang kepada orang yang masih mempunyai harapan walaupun mereka telah dikecewakan. Kepada mereka yang masih percaya, walaupun mereka telah dikhianati. Kepada mereka yang masih ingin mencintai, walaupun mereka telah disakiti sebelumnya dan kepada mereka yang mempunyai keberanian dan keyakinan untuk membangunkan kembali kepercayaan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jangan simpan kata-kata cinta pada orang yang tersayang sehingga dia meninggal dunia , lantaran akhirnya kamu terpaksa catatkan kata-kata cinta itu pada pusaranya . Sebaliknya ucapkan kata-kata cinta yang tersimpan dibenakmu itu sekarang selagi ada hayatnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mungkin Tuhan menginginkan kita bertemu dan bercinta dengan orang yang salah sebelum bertemu dengan orang yang tepat, kita harus mengerti bagaimana berterima kasih atas kurniaan itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta bukan mengajar kita lemah, tetapi membangkitkan kekuatan. Cinta bukan mengajar kita menghinakan diri, tetapi menghembuskan kegagahan. Cinta bukan melemahkan semangat, tetapi membangkitkan semangat -Hamka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta dapat mengubah pahit menjadi manis, debu beralih emas, keruh menjadi bening, sakit menjadi sembuh, penjara menjadi telaga, derita menjadi nikmat, dan kemarahan menjadi rahmat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sungguh menyakitkan mencintai seseorang yang tidak mencintaimu, tetapi lebih menyakitkan adalah mencintai seseorang dan kamu tidak pernah memiliki keberanian untuk menyatakan cintamu kepadanya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hal yang menyedihkan dalam hidup adalah ketika kamu bertemu seseorang yang sangat berarti bagimu. Hanya untuk menemukan bahawa pada akhirnya menjadi tidak bererti dan kamu harus membiarkannya pergi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kamu tahu bahwa kamu sangat merindukan seseorang, ketika kamu memikirkannya hatimu hancur berkeping.&lt;br /&gt;Dan hanya dengan mendengar kata “Hai” darinya, dapat menyatukan kembali kepingan hati tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tuhan ciptakan 100 bahagian kasih sayang. 99 disimpan disisinya dan hanya 1 bahagian diturunkan ke dunia. Dengan kasih sayang yang satu bahagian itulah, makhluk saling berkasih sayang sehingga kuda mengangkat kakinya kerana takut anaknya terpijak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kadangkala kamu tidak menghargai orang yang mencintai kamu sepenuh hati, sehinggalah kamu kehilangannya. Pada saat itu, tiada guna sesalan karena perginya tanpa berpatah lagi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jangan mencintai seseorang seperti bunga, kerana bunga mati kala musim berganti. Cintailah mereka seperti sungai, kerana sungai mengalir selamanya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta mampu melunakkan besi, menghancurkan batu, membangkitkan yang mati dan meniupkan kehidupan padanya serta membuat budak menjadi pemimpin. Inilah dasyatnya cinta !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Permulaan cinta adalah membiarkan orang yang kamu cintai menjadi dirinya sendiri, dan tidak merubahnya menjadi gambaran yang kamu inginkan. Jika tidak, kamu hanya mencintai pantulan diri sendiri yang kamu temukan di dalam dirinya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta itu adalah perasaan yang mesti ada pada tiap-tiap diri manusia, ia laksana setitis embun yang turun dari langit,bersih dan suci. Cuma tanahnyalah yang berlain-lainan menerimanya. Jika ia jatuh ke tanah yang tandus,tumbuhlah oleh kerana embun itu kedurjanaan, kedustaan, penipu, langkah serong dan lain-lain perkara yang tercela. Tetapi jika ia jatuh kepada tanah yang subur,di sana akan tumbuh kesuciaan hati, keikhlasan, setia budi pekerti yang tinggi dan lain-lain perangai yang terpuji.~ Hamka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata-kata cinta yang lahir hanya sekadar di bibir dan bukannya di hati mampu melumatkan seluruh jiwa raga, manakala kata-kata cinta yang lahir dari hati yang ikhlas mampu untuk mengubati segala luka di hati orang yang mendengarnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kamu tidak pernah tahu bila kamu akan jatuh cinta. namun apabila sampai saatnya itu, raihlah dengan kedua tanganmu,dan jangan biarkan dia pergi dengan sejuta rasa tanda tanya dihatinya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cinta bukanlah kata murah dan lumrah dituturkan dari mulut ke mulut tetapi cinta adalah anugerah Tuhan yang indah dan suci jika manusia dapat menilai kesuciannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bukan laut namanya jika airnya tidak berombak. Bukan cinta namanya jika perasaan tidak pernah terluka. Bukan kekasih namanya jika hatinya tidak pernah merindu dan cemburu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bercinta memang mudah. Untuk dicintai juga memang mudah. Tapi untuk dicintai oleh orang yang kita cintai itulah yang sukar diperoleh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Satu-satunya cara agar kita memperolehi kasih sayang, ialah jangan menuntut agar kita dicintai, tetapi mulailah memberi kasih sayang kepada orang lain tanpa mengharapkan balasan. (Dale Carnagie)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-536780637196027321?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/536780637196027321/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/cinta-oh-cinta.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/536780637196027321'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/536780637196027321'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/cinta-oh-cinta.html' title='CINTA OH.... CINTA'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXmCSQTmqjI/AAAAAAAAACA/iUIJIb_zVPE/s72-c/images+1.jpeg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-2733022413736162305</id><published>2009-01-21T04:24:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-21T04:25:22.714-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Led Zeppelin</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXcUHUMrZFI/AAAAAAAAABw/tEkX2vQi2VY/s1600-h/1896.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 225px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXcUHUMrZFI/AAAAAAAAABw/tEkX2vQi2VY/s320/1896.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293722002910831698" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Taking pot shots at the four-headed monolithic heavy rock beast that was Led Zeppelin is all too easy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Musically, it was a lumbering leviathan, often playing three-hour sets that often comprised of seemingly endless, self-indulgent solos, including (horror of horrors) John Bonham bashing out a drum solo on 'Moby Dick'. And don't forget their wholesale pillaging of the blues which they sprinkled liberally throughout most of their songs and then cranked up the volume to an ear-splitting Spinal Tap level of 11. Lyrically, too, they could be appalling. When Robert Plant wasn't singing about some mystical mumbo-jumbo about Vikings or the Battle for Evermore his crotch took over, invariably imploring some woman to "squeeze my lemon 'till the juice runs down my legs" (the line was looted from Robert Johnson anyway).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even off stage they were one big rock cliché, living the rock 'n' roll lifestyle to the hilt. The band consumed an endless supply of alcohol, drugs, televisions and hotel rooms – when they weren't flying around America in their own private jet. Jimmy Page, for a while, got obsessed with the occult, magick and Aleister Crowley. There was also a limitless supply of groupies. The stories of which have now gone into the realms of folklore. Separate incidents supposedly involved a Red Snapper and a redheaded groupie, the so-called “octopus incident” and whilst on their third tour of America, a groupie that liked her Great Dane to do certain things to her. In the "groupie" issue of Rolling Stone Page recounted a tale of being served up on a room service trolley by Bonham dressed as a waiter to the waiting women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They were exactly the sort of rock dinosaurs punk came along to eradicate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But they also had a radical edge to them. When they first signed to their record label the band managed to secure complete artistic control and then, later, set up their own record label, Swan Song. They also never sanctioned the release of singles in the UK. For most record labels, singles are largely seen as a loss-leader, put out solely as a means to promote the forthcoming album. Despite severe pressure to release 'Stairway to Heaven' in a 7-inch format the group still refused, probably losing themselves a great deal of lost income and exposure. They also shunned the usual record company marketing ploys and not only refused to give their fourth album a title but also refused to have their name on the cover. The band also took time and effort over the artwork on each album. Rather than shoving out a cover with a picture of the band, most albums came in a gatefold sleeve at least. 'Led Zeppelin III' came with a cardboard disc that could be spun around, changing the patterns on the cover (the idea came to Page from recollecting old gardening catalogues). 'In Through the Out Door' had six possible covers and the covers of the double album 'Physical Graffiti' slotted together to complete a picture of a tenement block. Even playing live they defied convention, refusing to accept a support band in favour of playing three hour slots themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When, though, someone comes to write that great big thick book on rock mythology Led Zeppelin will be right up there as one of the great rock bands. They could veer from the hypnotic pounding of 'When the Levee Breaks', the intricate, exotic influences on 'Kashmir' as well as the straight-forward blast of 'Rock and Roll'. There was the loneliness of 'Tea for One', the reflective 'In My Time of Dying' and the spookiness of 'No Quarter'. And they also wrote a little ditty called 'Stairway to Heaven' which you may have heard of. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not only were they musically way over the top but also financially. They were big business selling albums in vast quantities; their second album spent two and a half years in the US Top 40. In 1973 the Financial Times tipped the band to earn in excess of $30 million in the US alone. It's hard to think of a more commercially successful or archetypal rock band of the 70's. Along with The Beatles they are the only band to have five diamond albums (sales of more than 10 million each). Their fourth album has reportedly sold 22 million copies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not bad for a band that was originally conceived as the New Yardbirds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After Jeff Beck left the Yardbirds and the band disintegrated in 1968 guitarist Jimmy Page was left with the name and an obligation to complete a tour of Scandinavia. Page initially linked-up with session bassist John Paul Jones, whom he had worked with on various sessions including those for Lulu, Dusty Springfield and Donovan. Teaming up with manager Peter Grant they set about putting a band together. Vocalist Robert Plant (who had been in Band of Joy along with a drummer called John Bonham) was recommended to them, who in turn suggested Bonham for the drumming position. And the New Yardbirds went off to fulfil their contractual obligations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Talking to Mick Houghton, then writing for Circus magazine in 1976, Page said: "I knew exactly the style I was after and the sort of musicians I wanted to play with, the sort of powerhouse sound I was really going for."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The band returned, went into the studio to cut their first album, which was supposedly done in 37 hours at a cost of £1,750 (paid out of Page's life savings) and then took the name Led Zeppelin after a suggestion by Who drummer Keith Moon who, legend has it, quipped their sound was “so heavy they should go down like a lead zeppelin”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Led Zeppelin' was released in early 1969 after the band signed to Atlantic for a record-breaking $200,000 advance which included a "total artistic control" clause. The album, which was largely a studio version of their live set, mixed together a heavy-duty interpretation of the blues in the shape of covers of Willie Dixon's 'You Shook Me' and Otis Rush's 'Can't Quit You' with the folk of Bert Jansch (who remains a strong influence on Page: “He [Jansch] was the innovator of the time.”) via the acoustic instrumental 'Black Mountain Side' (Jansch's September 1966 album 'Jack Onion' contained 'Blackwater Side') and Anne Bredon's 'Babe, I'm Gonna Leave You' (which Joan Baez had covered) as well as their love of rhythm and blues in the epic 'Dazed and Confused'. It went Top 10 in both Britain and the US. Looking back in 1977 Page commented that "the first album has got the catalyst for so much."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It was inevitable that the first LP had leftover ideas from the Yardbirds," Page told Houghton in Circus magazine. "Because that's what I'd been working on. It was original stuff that I'd developed myself."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Following in chronological order was 'Led Zeppelin II'. The album was an unashamed collection of rock songs, containing the classic 'Whole Lotta Love'. Released as a single in America, it was to give the band their only Top 10 hit in the US. Although the band thought it would be inappropriate to release the single in the UK it would later be covered by Alexis Korner's studio band CCS (standing for Collective Consciousness Society) and used as the theme tune for BBC1's chart show 'Top of the Pops'. Strangely, the song would also be covered by the London Symphony Orchestra as well as Tina Turner. Willie Dixon, though, thought the song bore a remarkable similarity to his song 'You Need Love' and brought a plagiarism suit against the band in 1987, which would eventually be settled out of court. At the time, Plant was reported to have said: “You only get caught when you're successful. That's the game.” Upon release the album went straight to number one on both sides of the Atlantic and had even notched up 400,000 advance orders before its late 1969 release. Along with 'Whole Lotta Love' songs like 'The Lemon Song', 'What Is and What Should Never Be' as well as 'Moby Dick' (which would later become a live favourite and feature Bonham's drum solo) ensured that the album would often feature in "best rock album" polls. "This is one fucking heavyweight of an album!" is how John Mendelssohn described it in his review for Rolling Stone in December 1969.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After a 27-date tour of America which grossed $800,000 Plant and Page (along with roadies Clive Coulson and Sandy Macgregor) hid themselves away in the remote eighteenth-century Welsh country cottage, Bron-yr-Aur (meaning "breast of gold"), in south Snowdonia to organise and prepare their third album, which would have the ingenious title of 'Led Zeppelin III'. The cottage was extremely basic with no bathroom, electricity or running water. Candles and gaslights were used, water had to be fetched from the nearby stream and the nearest town was two miles away down a mountain road. The area is steeped in ancient myth. The giant Idris Gawr has his seat on the mountain near by and legend has it that King Arthur fought his last battle in the Ochr-yr-Bwich pass. During their stay the songs 'Bron-yr-Aur', 'Bron-y-Aur Stomp', 'Misty Mountain Hop', 'Friends' and 'That's the Way' were written as well as the early stages of what would become their best known song, 'Stairway to Heaven'. Rough sketches of 'Over the Hills and Far Away', 'Down by the Seaside' and 'The Rover' were also drawn up. After playing the Bath Festival in 1970 and heading out on tours of Europe and the US the album was released towards the end of that year. Later, in 1973, Plant would return to the area, buying a sheep farm in the nearby Llyfnant Valley.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The latest album, released in October, still contained some hard-boiled rockers – in the shape of the thunderous 'Immigrant Song' (about the Viking invasions of England) complete with Plant's finest Wagnerian wailing and 'Celebration Day' – but the album largely emphasised the band's acoustic, folk and blues heritage with the mournful 'Since I've Been Loving You' and the traditional 'Gallows Pole' (which stemmed from a Leadbelly song) standing out. Along with the trademark riffs it mixed in the folk music of Pentangle, Fairport Convention and the Incredible String Band, Celtic mythology (Plant had been studying the manuscripts of the ancient legends kept at the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth) as well as the delta blues of Mississippi. In an interview at the time Page said: “The new album is totally different from the others and I see that it's obviously a new direction. Everybody in the band is going through some changes. There are changes in the playing and the lyrics. Robert is really getting involved in his lyric writing.” Despite critical misgivings - Lester Bangs in Rolling Stone thought: "Their music is as ephemeral as Marvel comics" comparing their "insensitive grossness" to a one of Cecil B DeMille's films. The fans still brought it though and the album topped the charts in both the UK and America. "Sitting around a log fire in Wales," commented Page in a defence of the album to Gig in 1977. "You don't put up a 200-watt Marshall set-up but you get your acoustic guitars. Consequently acoustic numbers came out." For Plant, it was a "time to step back, take stock and not get lost in it all."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the band were doing their own Valhallic-style raiding in the US by cultivating their "wild boys on tour" image by their excessive consumption of drink, drugs, groupies and the trashing of hotel rooms they also had a darker side too largely thanks to Page's growing interest in the occult and particularly Aleister Crowley. Page's obsession even stretched to buying Crowley's Scottish mansion Boleskine House in 1970 and putting the quotes 'Do What Thou Wilt', and 'So Mote It Be' from the self-styled "Great Beast" on the run-out grooves of their third album. In 1976 he told Circus magazine that he had read 'Magic in Theory and in Practice' when he was about 11 and had done "quite extensive" reading of Crowley's work, particularly being attracted to Crowley's "system of self-liberation". In 1975 Page even opened his own occult bookshop off Kensington High Street called Equinox. When questioned about his interest in the subject though Page would be coy and hesitant to reveal too much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their untitled, and best known, fourth album was largely recorded on the Rolling Stones mobile recording studio at Headley Grange in Hampshire and was released in December 1971. The inside cover containing four runic symbols that represented each member of the group. It kicked-off with the thunderous boogie of 'Black Dog' which was followed by the self-explanatory 'Rock and Roll". The tempo was sedated by the mystical folk of 'The Battle of Evermore' (with former Fairport Convention singer Sandy Denny helping out on vocal duties) before the album's centrepiece, 'Stairway to Heaven'. Also seeped in mysticism (as well as obscure lyrics) it would become their best-known track and a perennial feature in concerts. The eight minute song slowly built from Plant's voice into a rousing, head-strong virtuoso guitar solo from Page. The song gestated over a long period. The early buds of the song started coming through whilst they were in their Welsh cottage but the actual recording of the song started in Basing Street in December 1970. Plant's lyrics came later when the band were at Headley Grange and Bonham and Jones had taken the night off to go to the Speakeasy. The guitar solo would also come later when the band returned to Basing Street, according to Richard Digby Smith, who was the tape operator on the album, Page got the solo down in three takes. For Page, the song "crystallised the essence of the band. It was milestone for us."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Misty Mountain Hop' saw the band pay homage to the hippie era in San Francisco. It's really though the final track that really stands out. 'When the Levee Breaks' took a blues framework, put the drums way up in the mix as if Bonham had been bashing out the rhythm with concrete slabs and then had Plant wailing over the top. The drum sound was achieved by putting the drums in the huge open entrance hall which had a stairway going up to all three floors. A stereo mike was then put on the second floor. US rap group the Beastie Boys liked the track so much that they sampled it on the track 'Rhymin &amp; Stealin' from their 1986 album 'Licensed to Ill.' Indie also-rans Chapterhouse also sampled Bonham's drumming on their single 'Pearl'. Zeppelin's untitled album got to number one in the UK but. despite the classic status now bestowed on it, it could only mange second place in the States evn though it went gold on its first day of release.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their fifth album was actually given a proper title: 'Houses of the Holy', although the band obviously forgot to actually put that on the cover. Despite having its moments the spring 1973 album recorded at the Electric Ladyland and Olympics studios was patchy at best. Fans were not only offered up the likes of the ominous 'No Quarter' and 'The Song Remains the Same' as well as the rollicking reggae-tinged 'D'yer Mak'er' but also the appalling cod-funk of 'The Crunge' – a strong contender for the band's worst effort actually committed to vinyl - and the run-of-the-mill 'Dancing Days.' The album still managed to reach the top of both the UK and US charts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After yet another tour of America the band had something of a hiatus, they stopped touring to work on their film/live album, form their own label Swan Song (launched in May 1974 it would sign acts like Bad Company and The Pretty Things) and write songs for the album that would become 'Physical Graffiti'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eventually released in 1975 the double album would contain some of the band's finest songs, most notably the majestic sweep of the nine-minute 'Kashmir', the unabashed 'The Rover' and the stunning blues of 'In My Time of Dying'. Sides three and four couldn't quite match the opening two but still managed to conjure something special with 'In the Light' and 'Night Flight'. It spent six weeks at the number one spot in the US charts and also hit the top over here, eventually becoming the band's biggest-selling recording.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A planned world tour had to be cancelled when disaster struck Plant and his wife when they were both badly injured in a car crash on the Greek island of Rhodes in the summer. Plant would not be able to walk unaided until the following year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With boring predictability their next album, 'Presence', once again reached the top of the UK and US album charts in 1976. It's cover depicted a strange, black obelisk set in familial settings. The music varied wildly and marked something of a return to the band's hard rock of their early albums. Recorded in Munich in three weeks, it kicked-off with the gallop of 'Achilles Last Stand' before moving on to the rather workman like efforts of 'For Your Life' and 'Royal Orleans'. 'Nobody's Fault But Mine' upped the standard once again before falling back to the plain and ordinary 'Candy Store Rock' and 'Hoot's On for Nowhere'. The album closed though with the beautiful despair and heartache of 'Tea for One'. "Nothing was plotted out beforehand, remembered Page to Houghton. "There may have been a few ideas on cassette but that was all. Everything just came pouring out in the studio."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The long awaited double live album and film, 'The Song Remains the Same', finally saw the light of day in late 1976. Although it was a commercial success (and reached the number one spot in the USA and the UK) it was also a musical albatross; generally failing to capture the spirit of the band's marathon concerts. It was Led Zeppelin at their most bombastic and over-blown. Songs were drawn out, seemingly endless and usually filled with self-indulgent solos. Fans had to be super fit to last this endurance test of stamina. Along with the live footage shot at Madison Square Garden, spliced in-between the songs were "fantasy sequences" where each member of the band was meant to reveal their innermost soul. Plant saw himself as some sort of medieval hero excelling at horse riding, sailing and fighting baddies to save young damsels in distress. Raglan Castle between Monmouth and Abergavenny was used for the filming. Plant summed-up his feelings of the album to Mojo magazine in 1994: "I think 'The Song Remains the Same' is such a load of bollocks".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tragedy struck again in July 1977 during a 51-date tour of America. Initially a security man got badly beaten up and then three days later Plant's son, Karac, died after suddenly contracting a stomach infection. The tour was abandoned immediately. It would prove to be the last time the band would tour the States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The band retreated and nothing was heard from them for a year. Rumours started spreading that the band was jinxed in some way. Gossips pointed to Page's fascination with the work of Aleister Crowley and the occult in general as the cause. Some even thought that the band had gone to the crossroads to sell their souls in a Faustian-style pact with the devil - just like the legend that surrounded Robert Johnson. Any efforts to quell the whispers weren't helped when John Bonham broke two ribs in a car crash.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The band returned to the studio – in fact, Abba's studio in Sweden – in late 1978 to record their next album 'In Through the Out Door'. Certainly one of the group's weaker efforts it still had its moments and contains a diverse spread of styles which had largely been masterminded by Jones. Opener 'In the Evening' boogied along while 'All My Love' (supposedly written for Plant's son) showed a tender, if a little clichéd, side and the weary 'I'm Gonna Crawl' saw the band still finding their creative form but songs like 'South Bound Saurez' never had much going for it. Fans remained loyal though, once again buying enough copies to send the album to the top of the charts. It stayed at number one in the US charts for seven weeks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A European tour was planned in 1980, acting as a warm up for a US tour afterwards but whilst rehearsals were underway Bonham was found dead at Page's house, having choked on his own vomit after a serious drinking binge in September.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After his death the band felt that they couldn't go on and announced their retirement soon afterwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until recently the band's vaults hadn't been comprehensively raided. A compilation album of unissued tracks spanning the band's career, 'Coda', was released in 1982, largely for contractual reasons, and was aimed directly at the die-hard fans. Despite some flashes it didn't unearth any startling discoveries or forgotten gems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the years though the label has cashed in on the popularity of their back catalogue releasing remastered box sets and compilations (such as the 'Remasters' albums and a 4-CD box set, which did contain some previously unreleased material) and although it improved the sound quality it usually meant selling fans something they already had.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The release of the band's BBC radio sessions in 1997 proved to be of most interest to fans, and even contained three previously unheard tracks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a spate of activity though a five hour DVD collecting various live performances - including the Royal Albert Hall in January 1970 and Knebworth in 1979 - and the triple live album 'How the West was Won' – taken from two shows on the west coast of America in June 1972 – has seen the light of day. Hopefully now, with the release of a decent live album the "bollocks" on 'The Song Remains the Same' will be consigned to the archives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The appeal of the band to the latest crop of groups like the White Stripes and the Flaming Lips as well as older, hard rock bands like AC/DC and Aerosmith is perhaps best left up to Plant in an interview with Barney Hoskyns for 'Rock's Backpages' in May 2003. "The thing about the group was the extension of the instrumental parts, and that was in full fling by the time we even made our first record [...] It was what we feasted on to get riffs, to get organised, to become a big band with big riffs."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-2733022413736162305?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/2733022413736162305/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/led-zeppelin.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/2733022413736162305'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/2733022413736162305'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/led-zeppelin.html' title='Led Zeppelin'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXcUHUMrZFI/AAAAAAAAABw/tEkX2vQi2VY/s72-c/1896.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-5189381832435986619</id><published>2009-01-21T04:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-21T04:20:01.650-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>THE BEATLES</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXcSja5-N4I/AAAAAAAAABo/5nH6MTJSBq8/s1600-h/1256735191_879d0e68d6.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 293px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXcSja5-N4I/AAAAAAAAABo/5nH6MTJSBq8/s320/1256735191_879d0e68d6.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293720286724503426" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Beatles were an English musical group from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands in the history of popular music.[2]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Beatles are the best-selling musical act of all time in the United States of America, according to the Recording Industry Association of America.[3] In the United Kingdom, The Beatles released more than 40 different singles, albums, and EPs that reached number one. This commercial success was repeated in many other countries: their record company, EMI, estimated that by 1985 they had sold over one billion discs and tapes worldwide.[4] In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked The Beatles #1 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[5] Their innovative music and cultural impact helped define the 1960s,[2] and their influence on pop culture is still evident today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Beatles led the mid-1960s musical "British Invasion" into the United States. Although their initial musical style was rooted in 1950s rock and roll and homegrown skiffle, the group explored genres ranging from Tin Pan Alley to psychedelic rock. Their clothes, styles, and statements made them trend-setters, while their growing social awareness saw their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-5189381832435986619?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/5189381832435986619/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/beatles.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5189381832435986619'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5189381832435986619'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/beatles.html' title='THE BEATLES'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SXcSja5-N4I/AAAAAAAAABo/5nH6MTJSBq8/s72-c/1256735191_879d0e68d6.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-3639959414347315535</id><published>2009-01-21T04:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-21T04:11:01.289-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>Ciri-Ciri Masa Awal Kanak-Kanak</title><content type='html'>Ciri-Ciri Masa Awal Kanak-Kanak&lt;br /&gt;Dalam setiap tahap perkembangan ada ciri-ciri khusus yang ada pada setiap tahap perkembangan, begitu juga pada saat masa kanak-kanak awal ditandai dengan ciri-ciri tertentu, menurut Hurlock (1980:108) ciri itu tercermin dalam sebutan yang biasa diberikan oleh para orang tua, pendidik, da ahli psikologi: a) Sebutan Yang Digunakan Orang Tua. Ada beberapa sebutan untuk menggambarkan masa kanak-kanan, sebutan tersbeut berkisar tentang perilaku dan aktivitas yang dilakukan anak-anak, pada sebagian besar orang tua menganggap awal masa pada kanak-kanak sebagai usia yang mengundang masalah atau usia sulit. Masa kanak-kanak merupakan masa-masa yang sulit bagi orang tua karena pada masa kanak-kanak awal ialah karena anak-anak sedang mengembangkan kepribadian yang unik dan menuntut kebebasan yang pada umumnya kurang berhasil. Selain itu pada sebagian orang tua juga menganggap usia awal kanak-kanak sebagai usia mainan karena anak mudah menghabiskan sebagian besar waktu juga bermain dengan mainannya. b) Sebutan Yang  digunakan Para Pendidik. Sedangkan para pendidik menyebut usia awal kanak-kanak sebagai usia prasekolah, usia pra sekolah adalah usia yang belum memasuki usia sekolah atau masih berada di taman kanak-kanak, kelompok bermain, atau penitipan anak-anak. c) Sebutan Yang Digunakan Ahli Psikologi. Para ahli psikologi menggunakan sejumlah sebutan yang berbeda untuk menguraikan ciri-ciri yang menonjol dari perkembangan psikologis anak selama tahun awal masa kanak-kanak.&lt;br /&gt;Salah satu sebutan yang banyak digunakan adalah usia kelompok, masa di mana anak-anak mempelajari dasar-dasar prilaku sosial sebagai persiapan bagi kehidupan sosial yang lebih tinggi yang diperlukan untuk penyesuaian diri pada waktu mereka masuk kelas satu. Karena perkembangan utama yang terjadi selama awal masa kanak-kanak berkisar diseputar penguasaan dan pengendalian lingkungan, banyak ahli psikologi yang melabelkan awal masa kanak-kanak sebagai usia menjelajah, sebuah label yang menunjukkan anak ingin mngetahui keadaan lingkungannya, bagaimana mekanismenya, bagaimana perasaannya dan bagaimana ia dapat menjadi bagian dari lingkungannya, ini termasuk manusia dan benda mati. Salah satu cara yang umum dalam menjelajah lingkungan adalah dengan bertanya, jadi periode ini adalah meniru pembicaraan dan perilaku orang lain, oleh karena itu periode ini juga disebut usia meniru. Namun kecenderungan ini nampak kuat tetapi anak lebih menunjukkan kreativitas dalam bermain selama masa kanak-kanak dibandingkan masa-masa lain dalam kehidupannya, dengan alasan ini para ahli psikologi juga menamakan periode ini sebagai usia kreatif.&lt;br /&gt;Menurut Yusuf (2002) pada masa usia prasekolah ini dapat diperinci menjadi dua masa, yaitu masa vital dan masa estetik; a) Masa Vital. Pada masa ini, individu menggunakan fungsi-fungsi biologis untuk menemukan berbagai hal dalam dunianya. Untuk masa belajar, Freud menamakan tahun pertama dalam kehidupan individu itu sebagai masa oral (mulut), karena mulut dipandang sebagai sumber kenikmatan anak memasukkan apa saja yang dijumpai ke dalam mulutnya itu, tidaklah karena mulut sumber kenikmatan utama, tetapi karena waktu itu mulut merupakan alat untuk melakukan eksplorasi (penelitian) dan belajar. b) Masa Estetik. Pada masa ini dianggap sebagai masa perkembangan rasa keindahan. Kata estetik di sini dalam arti bahwa pada masa ini, perkembangan anak yang terutama adalah fungsi panca inderanya. Kegiatan eksploitasi dan belajar anak terutama menggunakan panca inderanya, pada masa ini, indera masih peka, karena itu Montessori menciptakan bermacam-macam alat permainan untuk melatih panca inderanya&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-3639959414347315535?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/3639959414347315535/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/ciri-ciri-masa-awal-kanak-kanak.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3639959414347315535'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3639959414347315535'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/ciri-ciri-masa-awal-kanak-kanak.html' title='Ciri-Ciri Masa Awal Kanak-Kanak'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-3069852678111861781</id><published>2009-01-16T04:23:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-16T04:24:24.942-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Biography of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</title><content type='html'>General TNI (Ret) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, popularly known as SBY, was born in Pacitan, East Java, on 9 September 1949. He graduated from the Military Academy in 1973-top in his class. He received his fourth star in 2000. In the first-ever direct presidential election in Indonesia in 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, running on a platform for "more just, more peaceful, more prosperous, and more democratic Indonesia", was elected as the 6th President of the Republic of Indonesia, gaining a landslide 60% of the popular vote over the incumbent President Megawati Soekarnoputri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;President Yudhoyono is also an accomplished scholar. He was educated in the United States, where he received his Masters degree in Management from Webster University in 1991. He continued his study and earned a Doctorate Degree in Agricultural Economics from Bogor Institute of Agriculture, West Java, Indonesia, in 2004. President Yudhoyono was awarded with two honorary doctorates in 2005, respectively in the field of law from his alma mater, Webster University, and in political science from Thammasat University in Thailand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During his 27-year distinguished military service, President Yudhoyono took an extensive range of training, education and courses, both in Indonesia and overseas. President Yudhoyono also held numerous important posts and positions as troop and territorial commander, staff officer, trainer and lecturer. He served both in the field and at headquarters, as well as missions overseas. He was the Commander of the United Nations Military Observers and Commander of the Indonesian Military Contingent in Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1995-1996.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For his outstanding service, President Yudhoyono was decorated with 24 medals and awards, including the UNPKF Medal, the Bintang Dharma, the Bintang Mahaputera Adipurna and the Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna, the highest national medal for excellent service beyond the calls of duty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prior to being elected, President Yudhoyono held various important government positions, including Minister of Mining and Energy and Co-ordinating Minister for Political, Social, and Security Affairs in the National Unity Cabinet under President Abdurrahman Wahid. He again served as Co-ordinating Minister for Political, Social, and Security Affairs in the Gotong Royong Cabinet under President Megawati Soekarnoputri. It was in his capacity as Coordinating Minister that he became internationally recognized for leading Indonesia's counter-terrorism efforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;President Yudhoyono is also known for his activities in various civil society organizations. He served as Co-Chairman of the Governing Board of the Partnership for the Governance Reform, a joint Indonesian-international organization focused on the improvement of governance in Indonesia. He also served as Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Brighten Institute, an institution devoted to studying the theory and practice of national development policy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;President Yudhoyono is a keen reader and has authored a number of books and articles including: Transforming Indonesia: Selected International Speeches (2005), Peace deal with Aceh is just a beginning (2005), The Making of a Hero (2005), Revitalization of the Indonesian Economy: Business, Politics and Good Governance (2002), and Coping with the Crisis - Securing the Reform (1999). Taman Kehidupan (Garden of Life) is his anthology published in 2004. President Yudhoyono speaks English fluently.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;President Yudhoyono is a devoted Moslem. He is married to Madam Ani Herrawati. The first couple is blessed with two sons. The oldest is First Lieutenant Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, who graduated top in his class from the Military Academy in 2000 and is now serving at the elite 305th Airborne Battalion of the Army Strategic Reserves Command (KOSTRAD). The youngest, Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono, earned his degree in Economics from Curtin University, Australia.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-3069852678111861781?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/3069852678111861781/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/biography-of-president-susilo-bambang.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3069852678111861781'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/3069852678111861781'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/biography-of-president-susilo-bambang.html' title='Biography of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-6271297639335369022</id><published>2009-01-16T04:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-16T04:21:02.195-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>Teori Perkembangan Anak – Erickson dan Gardner</title><content type='html'>Pendapat Piaget dan Vigotsky ini perlu diakomodasi untuk saling melengkapi. Rancangan kegiatan perlu dibagi dimana ada saat anak diberi kesempatan menemukan dan membangun pemahamannya (discovery learning), tetapi guru tetap harus berperan memperluas dan meningkatkan efektifitas belajarnya dengan bantuan arahan yang tepat (scaffolding) sehingga anak dapat meningkatkan ZPD untuk menjadi daerah kemampuan aktualnya. Selain itu perlunya menunggu kesiapan anak dari Piaget dan pemberian bantuan dari orang dewasa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak jangan dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang kontradiktif, tetapi dipahami sebagai batasan dalam menetapkan kriteria Developmentally Appropriate Practice. Pendidik perlu meneliti sejauh mana kompetensi dasar usia tertentu, sekaligus mencoba meningkatkan kemampuannya dengan tetap memperhatikan kondisi psikologi anak dan tanpa mematikan anak untuk mencintai belajar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pakar Psikologi Perkembangan Erikson memfokuskan pada perkembangan psikososial sejak kecil hingga dewasa dalam delapan tahap. Setiap orang akan melewati tahapan dan setiap tahapan akan mendapatkan pengalaman positif dan negatif. Kepribadian yang sehat akan diperoleh apabila seseorang dapat melewati krisis dalam tugas perkembangan dengan baik. Bagi anak usia dini, autonomy v.s. doubt (1-3 tahun).Bayi memerlukan pengasuhan yang penuh cinta kasih sehingga ia merasa yang aman baginya. Ketidak konsistenan dan penolakan pada masa bayi akan menimbulkan ketidak percayaan pada pengasuhnya berlanjut pada orang lain dan lingkungan yang lebih luas.Pada masa usia dini banyak hal yang menarik dia sehingga akan menjadikan dia ingin selalu mencoba terkadang berbahaya. Pada tahap ini orang dewasa harus memberikan dukungannya dan Erikson mengingatkan pembatasan dan kritik yang berlebihan akan menyebabkan tumbuh rasa ragu terhadap kemampuan dirinya. Penelitian tentang kecerdasan lebih jauh lagi diungkapkan Gardner yang dikenal konsep kecerdasan Jamak atau Multiple Intelegence (MI) ia mengidentifikasikan kecerdasan sebagai kemampuan untuk menemukan dan mencari pemecahan masalah serta membentuk suatu produk yang mempunyai nilai dipandang dari budaya seseorang. Ketujuh kecerdasantersebut adalah : Linguistik, logika, matematika, spasial, kinestetik, musik, intrapersonal, interpersonal serta naturalis. Setiap orang mempunyai berbagai potensi tersebut dan masing-masing dapat dikembangkan ke tahap tertentu. Dalam mendesain kurikulum konsep Piaget, Vigotsky, Erikson dan Gardner sangat bermanfaat sebagai arahan dalam menyusun kurikulum yang sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan dan minat individu. Erikson menyoroti aspek psikososial yang dialami masa anak-anak serta bagaimana pendidik dapat membantu anak melewati masa tersebut untuk menjadi mandiri. Piaget dengan konsep tahapan perkembangan berfikir memberikan pedoman Dalam menyusun pembelajaran yangsesuaiusia, sementaraVigotsky mengemukakan tentang pentingnya interaksi sosial dalam menstimulus berbagai aspek perkembangan.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-6271297639335369022?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/6271297639335369022/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/teori-perkembangan-anak-erickson-dan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6271297639335369022'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6271297639335369022'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/teori-perkembangan-anak-erickson-dan.html' title='Teori Perkembangan Anak – Erickson dan Gardner'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-8124759803334191844</id><published>2009-01-16T04:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-16T04:18:28.214-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>5 Konsep Penting Motivasi Belajar</title><content type='html'>Pertama&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motivasi belajar adalah proses internal yang mengaktifkan, memandu dan mempertahankan perilaku dari waktu ke waktu. Individu termotivasi karena berbagai alasan yang berbeda, dengan intensitas yang berbeda. Sebagai misal, seorang siswa dapat tinggi motivasinya untuk menghadapi tes ilmu sosial dengantujuan mendapatkan nilai tinggi (motivasi ekstrinsik) dan tinggi motivasinya menghadapi tes matematika karena tertarik dengan mata pelajaran tersebut (motivasi intrinsik).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kedua&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motivasi belajar bergantung pada teori yang menjelaskannya, dapat merupakan suatu konsekuensi dari penguatan (reinforcement), suatu ukuran kebutuhan manusia, suatu hasil dari disonan atau ketidakcocokan, suatu atribusi dari keberhasilan atau kegagalan, atau suatu harapan dari peluang keberhasilan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ketiga&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motivasi belajar dapat ditingkatkan dengan penekanan tujuan-tujuan belajar dan pemberdayaan atribusi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keempat&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motivasi belajar dapat meningkat apabila guru membangkitkan minat siswa, memelihara rasa ingin tahu mereka, menggunakan berbagai macam strategi pengajaran, menyatakan harapan dengan jelas,  dan memberikan umpan balik (feed back) dengan sering dan segera.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kelima&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motivasi belajar dapat meningkat pada diri siswa apabila guru memberikan ganjaran yang memiliki kontingen, spesifik, dan dapat dipercaya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keenam&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motivasi berprestasi dapat didefinisikan sebagai kecendrungan umum untuk mengupayakankeberhasilan dan memilih kegiatan-kegiatan yang berorientasi pada keberhasilan/kegagalan. Siswa dapat termotivasi dengan orientasi ke arah tujuan-tujuan penampilan. Mereka mengambil mata pelajaran-mata pelajaran yang menantang. Siswa yang berjuang demi  tujuan-tujuan penampilan berusaha untuk mendapatkan penilaian positip terhadap kompetensi mereka. Mereka berusaha untuk mendapat nilai baik dengan cara menghindar dari mata pelajaran yang sulit. Guru dapat membantu siswa dengan mengkomunikasikan bahwa keberhasilan itu mungkin dicapai. Guru dapat menunggu siswa menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dan sejauh mungkin menghindari pembedaan prestasi di antara para siswa yang tidak perlu.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-8124759803334191844?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/8124759803334191844/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/5-konsep-penting-motivasi-belajar.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8124759803334191844'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8124759803334191844'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/5-konsep-penting-motivasi-belajar.html' title='5 Konsep Penting Motivasi Belajar'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-8351177855498584354</id><published>2009-01-16T04:15:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-16T04:16:43.376-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>Psikologi Pendidikan-Sub Disiplin Ilmu Psikologi</title><content type='html'>Psikologi pendidikan merupakan sub disiplin ilmu psikologi. Psikologi pendidikan dideskripsikan oleh E. L. Thorndike pada tahun 1903 sebagai “”middlemen mediating between the science of psychology and the art of teaching”.  Dalam banyak studi, secara singkat, psikologi pendidikan merupakan suatu disiplin ilmu yang mengaplikasikan ilmu psikologi dalam dunia belajar dan guru. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psikologi pendidikan merupakan gabungan dari dua bidang studi yang berbeda. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pertama adalah psikologi yang mempelajari segala sesuatu tentang pikiran dan perilaku manusia serta hubungannya dengan manusia. Tentu saja tidak hanya mempelajari manusia dalam kesendiriannya, melainkan juga mempelajari manusia dalam hubungannya dengan manusia lain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kedua adalah pendidikan itu sendiri atau lebih khusus adalah sekolah. Jadi, sebagai sebuah subdisiplin ilmu sendiri dalam psikologi, psikologi pendidikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;memfokuskan diri pada pemahaman proses pengajaran dan belajar yang mengambil tempat dalam lingkungan formal. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psikologi pendidikan berminat pada teori belajar, metode pengajaran, motivasi, kognitif, emosional, dan perkembangan moral serta hubungan orangtua anak. Selain itu psikologi pendidikan juga mendalami sub-populasi yaitu anak-anak gifted dan yang dengan kebutuhan khusus. Ahli lain menambahkan bahwa psikologi pendidikan berguna dalam penerapan prinsip-prinsip belajar dalam kelas, pengembangan dan pembaruan kurikulum, ujian dan evaluasi bakat dan kemampuan, sosialisasi proses dan interaksi proses itu dengan pendayagunaan kognitif dan penyelenggaraan pendidikan keguruan. Karena berkecimpung di ranah sekolah, istilah psikologi pendidikan dan psikologi sekolah sering dipertukarkan. Teoris dan peneliti lebih diidentifikasi sebagai psikolog pendidikan, sementara praktisi di sekolah lebih diidentifikasi sebagai psikolog sekolah. Psikologi pendidikan mengambil masalah-masalah yang dialami oleh orang muda dalam pendidikan yang mencakup masalah kesulitan belajar atau masalah emosi dan sosial. Mereka mengambil tugas untuk membantu proses belajar anak dan memampukan guru menjadi lebih sadar akan faktor-faktor social yang berkatinan dengan pengajaran dan belajar. Psikolog pendidikan biasa bekerja di lingkungan sekolah, perguruan tinggi dan di lingkungan pendidikan anak, terutama bekerja dengan guru dan orang tua. Mereka dapat bekerja secara langsung dengan anak (misal memeriksa perkembangan, memberikan konseling) dan secara tidak langsung (dengan orang tua, guru dan profesional lainnya). Karena harus bekerja dengan manusia, psikolog pendidikan haruslah familier dengan pendekatan-pendekatan tradisional tentang studi perilaku, humanistik, kognitif dan psikoanalis. Mereka juga harus sadar dengan teori dan riset yang muncul dari ranah tradisional psikologi seperti perkembangan (Piaget, Erikson, Kohlberg, Freud), bahasa (Vygotsky dan Chomsky), motivasi (Hull, Lewin, Maslow, McClelland), testing (intelegensi dan kepribadian) dan interpretasi tesnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psikolog pendidikan juga harus mengikuti perkembangan mendadak dari area menejemen kelas dan desain instruksional, pengukuran dan penggunaan gaya dan strategi belajar, penelitian dalam metakognitif, peningkatan aplikasi pendidikan jarak jauh, dan perluasan dari pengembangan dan aplikasi teknologi untuk tujuan instruksional. Karena akan bekerja dengan pendidikan, seorang yang mempelajari materi ini perlu memperhatikan hal-hal berikut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Proses perkembangan siswa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;proses ini tentu saja harus disadari oleh individu yang bekerja dalam pendidikan. Perkembangan siswa – terlebih dalam ranah cipta – dengan segala variasi dan keunikannya merupakan modal siswa untuk belajar, apapun halnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Cara belajar siswa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;dalam hal ini berkaitan pula dengan kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam belajar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Cara menghubungkan belajar dan mengajar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Pengambilan keputusan untuk pengelolaan proses belajar mengajar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Metode yang digunakan dalam psikologi pendidikan adalah&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Metode eksperimen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam psikologi pendidikan, metode ini digunakan untuk menguji keabsahan dan kecermatan kesimpulan yang ditarik dari penelitian dengan menggunakan metode yang lain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Metode kuisioner&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Metode studi kasus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran rinci tentang aspek-aspek psikologi siswa atau sekelompok siswa. Studi ini biasanya diikuti oleh studi lain yang berskala lebih besar untuk mencapai generalisasi hasil tes. Mengapa demikian?  Kesimpulan hasil studi kasus dihasilkan dari penelitian terhadap sejumlah kecil subjek yang tentu saja akan sulit untuk dijadikan sampel dari sebuah populasi yang besar. Lazimnya, fenomena yang diselidiki dengan metode ini diikuti terus-menerus dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Bahkan, tak jarang diperlukan waktu bertahun-tahun untuk menghimpun data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Metode penyelidikan klinis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hanya digunakan oleh ahli psikologi klinis atau psikiater pada mulanya. Namun, seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, dimulai oleh Jean Piaget, metode ini digunakan dalam ranah pendidikan. Sasaran utama penggunaan metode ini adalah untuk memastikan sebab-sebab kemunculan ketidaknormalan perilaku siswa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata kunci: Jean Piaget, Erikson, Kohlberg, Freud, Vygotsky, Chomsky, Hull, Lewin, Maslow, McClelland, Thorndike, psikologi pendidikan, teori belajar, metode pengajaran, motivasi, perkembangan kognitif, perkembangan emosional, perkembangan moral&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Categories: literatur &lt;br /&gt;Tagged: Chomsky, Erikson, Freud, Hull, jean piaget, Kohlberg, Lewin, Maslow, McClelland, metode pengajaran, motivasi, perkembangan emosional, perkembangan kognitif, perkembangan moral, psikologi pendidikan, teori belajar, Thorndike, Vygotsky&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-8351177855498584354?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/8351177855498584354/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/psikologi-pendidikan-sub-disiplin-ilmu.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8351177855498584354'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8351177855498584354'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/psikologi-pendidikan-sub-disiplin-ilmu.html' title='Psikologi Pendidikan-Sub Disiplin Ilmu Psikologi'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-8210146088407954771</id><published>2009-01-16T04:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-16T04:13:33.906-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>KTSP Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan</title><content type='html'>Kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai tujuan, isi dan bahan pelajaran serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan tertentu. Tujuan tertentu ini meliputi tujuan pendidikan nasional serta kesesuaian dengan kekhasan, kondisi dan potensi daerah, satuan pendidikan dan peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu kurikulum disusun oleh satuan pendidikan untuk memungkinkan penyesuaian program pendidikan dengan kebutuhan dan potensi yang ada di daerah. Pengembangan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) yang beragam mengacu pada standar nasional pendidikan untuk menjamin pencapaian tujuan pendidikan nasional.Standar nasional pendidikan terdiri atas standar isi, proses, kompetensi lulusan, tenaga kependidikan, sarana dan prasarana, pengelolaan, pembiayaan dan penilaian pendidikan. Dua dari kedelapan standar nasional pendidikan tersebut, yaitu Standar Isi (SI) dan Standar Kompetensi Lulusan (SKL) merupakan acuan utama bagi satuan pendidikan dalam mengembangkan kurikulum. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 (UU 20/2003) tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 tahun 2005 (PP 19/2005) tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan mengamanatkan kurikulum pada KTSP jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah disusun oleh satuan pendidikan dengan mengacu kepada SI dan SKL serta berpedoman pada panduan yang disusun oleh Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP). Selain dari itu, penyusunan KTSP juga harus mengikuti ketentuan lain yang menyangkut kurikulum dalam UU 20/2003 dan PP 19/2005. Panduan yang disusun BSNP terdiri atas dua bagian. Pertama, Panduan Umum yang memuat ketentuan umum pengembangan kurikulum yang dapat diterapkan pada satuan pendidikan dengan mengacu pada Standar Kompetensi dan Kompetensi Dasar yang terdapat dalam SI dan SKL.Termasuk dalam ketentuan umum adalah penjabaran amanat dalam UU 20/2003 dan ketentuan PP 19/2005 serta prinsip dan langkah yang harus diacu dalam pengembangan KTSP. Kedua, model KTSP sebagai salah satu contoh hasil akhir pengembangan KTSP dengan mengacu pada SI dan SKL dengan berpedoman pada Panduan Umum yang dikembangkan BSNP. Sebagai model KTSP, tentu tidak dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan seluruh daerah di wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) dan hendaknya digunakan sebagai referensi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Panduan pengembangan kurikulum disusun antara lain agar dapat memberi kesempatan peserta didik untuk :&lt;br /&gt;belajar untuk beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa,&lt;br /&gt;belajar untuk memahami dan menghayati,&lt;br /&gt;belajar untuk mampu melaksanakan dan berbuat secara efektif,&lt;br /&gt;belajar untuk hidup bersama dan berguna untuk orang lain, dan&lt;br /&gt;belajar untuk membangun dan menemukan jati diri melalui proses belajar yang aktif, kreatif, efektif dan menyenangkan.&lt;br /&gt;A. Landasan&lt;br /&gt;Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.&lt;br /&gt;Ketentuan dalam UU 20/2003 yang mengatur KTSP, adalah Pasal 1 ayat (19); Pasal 18 ayat (1), (2), (3), (4); Pasal 32 ayat (1), (2), (3); Pasal 35 ayat (2); Pasal 36 ayat (1), (2), (3), (4); Pasal 37 ayat (1), (2), (3); Pasal 38 ayat (1), (2).&lt;br /&gt;Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan.&lt;br /&gt;Ketentuan di dalam PP 19/2005 yang mengatur KTSP, adalah Pasal 1 ayat (5), (13), (14), (15); Pasal 5 ayat (1), (2); Pasal 6 ayat (6); Pasal 7 ayat (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8); Pasal 8 ayat (1), (2), (3); Pasal 10 ayat (1), (2), (3); Pasal 11 ayat (1), (2), (3), (4); Pasal 13 ayat (1), (2), (3), (4); Pasal 14 ayat (1), (2), (3); Pasal 16 ayat (1), (2), (3), (4), (5); Pasal 17 ayat (1), (2); Pasal 18 ayat (1), (2), (3); Pasal 20.&lt;br /&gt;Standar Isi&lt;br /&gt;SI mencakup lingkup materi dan tingkat kompetensi untuk mencapai kompetensi lulusan pada jenjang dan jenis pendidikan tertentu. Termasuk dalam SI adalah : kerangka dasar dan struktur kurikulum, Standar Kompetensi (SK) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD) setiap mata pelajaran pada setiap semester dari setiap jenis dan jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah. SI ditetapkan dengan Kepmendiknas No. 22 Tahun 2006.&lt;br /&gt;Standar Kompetensi Lulusan&lt;br /&gt;SKL merupakan kualifikasi kemampuan lulusan yang mencakup sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan sebagaimana yang ditetapkan dengan Kepmendiknas No. 23 Tahun 2006.&lt;br /&gt;B. Tujuan Panduan Penyusunan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tujuan Panduan Penyusunan KTSP ini untuk menjadi acuan bagi satuan pendidikan SD/MI/SDLB, SMP/MTs/SMPLB, SMA/MA/SMALB, dan SMK/MAK dalam penyusunan dan pengembangan kurikulum yang akan dilaksanakan pada tingkat satuan pendidikan yang bersangkutan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C. Pengertian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai tujuan, isi, dan bahan pelajaran serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan tertentu. KTSP adalah kurikulum operasional yang disusun oleh dan dilaksanakan di masing-masing satuan pendidikan. KTSP terdiri dari tujuan pendidikan tingkat satuan pendidikan, struktur dan muatan kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan, kalender pendidikan, dan silabus. Silabus adalah rencana pembelajaran pada suatu dan/atau kelompok mata pelajaran/tema tertentu yang mencakup standar kompetensi , kompetensi dasar, materi pokok/pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran, indikator, penilaian, alokasi waktu, dan sumber/bahan/alat belajar. Silabus merupakan penjabaran standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar ke dalam materi pokok/pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran, dan indikator pencapaian kompetensi untuk penilaian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D. Prinsip-Prinsip Pengembangan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KTSP dikembangkan sesuai dengan relevansinya oleh setiap kelompok atau satuan pendidikan di bawah koordinasi dan supervisi dinas pendidikan atau kantor Departemen Agama Kabupaten/Kota untuk pendidikan dasar dan provinsi untuk pendidikan menengah. Pengembangan KTSP mengacu pada SI dan SKL dan berpedoman pada panduan penyusunan kurikulum yang disusun oleh BSNP, serta memperhatikan pertimbangan komite sekolah/madrasah. Penyusunan KTSP untuk pendidikan khusus dikoordinasi dan disupervisi oleh dinas pendidikan provinsi, dan berpedoman pada SI dan SKL serta panduan penyusunan kurikulum yang disusun oleh BSNP .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KTSP dikembangkan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;Berpusat pada potensi, perkembangan, kebutuhan, dan kepentingan peserta didik dan lingkungannya.&lt;br /&gt;Beragam dan terpadu&lt;br /&gt;Tanggap terhadap perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan seni&lt;br /&gt;Relevan dengan kebutuhan kehidupan&lt;br /&gt;Menyeluruh dan berkesinambungan&lt;br /&gt;Belajar sepanjang hayat&lt;br /&gt;Seimbang antara kepentingan nasional dan kepentingan daerah&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-8210146088407954771?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/8210146088407954771/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/ktsp-kurikulum-tingkat-satuan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8210146088407954771'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8210146088407954771'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/ktsp-kurikulum-tingkat-satuan.html' title='KTSP Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-5655968759792886880</id><published>2009-01-14T01:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-14T01:42:21.812-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>The Human Memory</title><content type='html'>Human memory is quite an intricate subject, although memory is not fully understood by modern science we can go a long way in defining how our memory works. We know that our memory is controlled in the Cerebral Cortex and memory and personality is found to be controlled in the Hippocampus. Loss of memory, quite often seen as the onset of Alzheimer's disease, is usually caused by a build up of an abnormal protein called beta-amyloid, this deposits plaques outside of neurons, the neurons which are most affected are found in the cerebral cortex.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On defining our memory we find that it is the preservation of information over a period of time through storage, encoding, and retrieval. To have something that is to be considered memory, you must be able to take it in, store it, and then retrieve it when it is needed. Our memory is extremely complex and it can at times let you down, especially when you are trying to remember something, often this is during a stressful time in your life. Our memory can also cause confusion, most often when two people experience different events. An example of this would be, if two friends went out together and were witness to some event, on recalling the event one friend gave his or her version and the other friend gave a completely different version, then it could lead to a lot of confusion. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It would be fair to say that most people have been frustrated when they are unable to recall someone's name or a place they once visited. It should be noted that memory is not installed like data is in a computer; the human memory is a little more solid. We call the initial stage of memory encoding; this is when the information is processed for storage. When you listen to music, or watch television you are encoding that information into memory. We can install some data into our memory quite effortlessly, while some other data takes quite a long time to get in there. How the information gets stored into data is quite interesting to psychologists, this is because it tends to vary from individual to individual. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When we begin to encode we use something called selective attention, which means we are focusing on a specific situation while we ignore everything else. It is like giving our undivided attention to one specific factor. The human brain may well be magnificent, and it is much more powerful than any super computer, it does have its limits, and it cannot pay attention to everything at once. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Divided attention also has a large impact on memory; this means that we try to concentrate on too many different things at once. When psychological researchers try to measure divided attention they ask people to try to remember a list of materials, they are however also asked to perform an additional task at the same time. Participants, who focus their attention on just one single event as opposed to trying to remember numerous things simultaneously, perform much better. However simply paying attention to something will not guarantee any success when trying to remembering it. Encoding is processed on three different levels. Levels of processing is encoding, and this is where we encode information from shallow to deep, the deeper processing always produces better results than the shallow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shallow level: This includes the sensory or the physical characteristics of stimuli which are analyzed. An example is, we may detect some shapes of printed characters, or detect the pitch of a particular sound. Intermediate level: This stimulus is recognized and we give it a distinct label. For example, we would identify an object which drives on the road as a car. Deepest Level: This includes information which is processed semantically which means in terms of its meaning. When we reach the deepest level we will make certain associations with things, this means that we will be more likely to remember it in the future. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Time after time it appears that our memories improve when we make associations to stimuli which are used in deep processing, as opposed to tuning into just the physical characteristics. For example, it is much more likely that you would remember someone's face, if you were to make some form of association with it as opposed to remembering how that person looks. You could perhaps attach some meaning to it or compare the individual to a famous person. Also you could even associate a famous person with a friend of yours who is not a celebrity by any means. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next, cognitive psychologists or the psychologists who study the thinking process realize that there is more to memory than just deep processing. How we perceive things can have a direct impact on our memory. There are many layers of memory so to speak. While we are still on the subject of deep processing, the more extensive our processing is, the better we can remember something. We define elaboration as the extensiveness of processing at any level. Rather than just remembering a definition, we must come up with a deeper concept of a word; this is done by thinking of examples which relate to the word, this is a strategy which is often used with Kaplan's Sat flashcards. On the front of the card we find the word, and on the back there is the definition, which is followed by a sentence that uses the definition properly. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main reason that elaboration is so successful is because it helps to make something distinct in your mind. Just think of a memorable event in your life. One which I think has a huge effect on people today is the World Trade Center event. Most people are likely to remember where they were and how they first heard the news on that day. Those people who were actually in the event and survived, will most likely have a very hard time forgetting about the event and can most likely remember the sounds and images very clearly. On the subject of seeing things clearly, imagery is an extremely important aspect of memory. To make your memories very powerful it is important that you use mental imagery. One example of using mental imagery is remembering where you placed your spectacles once you have finished reading the newspaper. Some psychologists are of the belief that the use of mental imagery is very powerful, because people often have a tendency to remember images more then words.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been established that images can help people learn languages. However, how intricate storage is, it will not determine how well it will get encoded. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Storage refers to the way information will stay in storage for long periods of time. We are able to remember some information for a number of years, and then we forget some information within a minute or less. Sensory memory is the type of memory which retains information in a sensory form for only an instant. It is of course very high in detail but this information is quickly lost. Try to think of sounds you hear when you are getting out of your car, or perhaps the sound of a bird singing. These are some of the more common examples of sensory memory. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We will now look at short term memory, which is the information that is usually kept in storage for around 30 seconds, or less, there are some other strategies we use to keep it in storage longer periods. Some ways that you can improve your short term memory is by chunking and reversal. We have all probably experienced rehearsal; this is the repetition of something, this is usually a number. If we try to remember a telephone number, the easiest way would be to keep repeating the number. Also you can try to remember long numbers by chunking them. For example, take a look at this number and then turn away and try to repeat it. The number is 98521488239. How did you do? Don't feel too bad if you did not do very well. However, you would possibly have done better if you had chunked or grouped the numbers together. For example, rather than trying to remember this big blob of 98521488239, you can chunk in into 985-214-882-39. You see the difference; it now looks similar to a phone number. This is just one example of how chunking can be useful in helping people to remember content.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;by James McLean Bowie&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-5655968759792886880?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/5655968759792886880/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/human-memory.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5655968759792886880'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5655968759792886880'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/human-memory.html' title='The Human Memory'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-9199523195025455313</id><published>2009-01-14T01:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-14T01:38:56.333-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>How to Succeed in School</title><content type='html'>Everyone wants to succeed in school, but it gets tough when you have so much homework and tests to prepare for. To help you study smarter, here are seven helpful tips to help you succeed:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Talk with your Teacher during Office Hours&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most students never visit their teachers during office hours. Office hours are a great time to get clarification on concepts taught in class, and also a great way to get advice on studying for tests or writing essays. Most teachers love when students visit them because it means you’re interested in learning and getting your assignments right. Don’t be like other students—meet with your teachers on a regular basis. If you can’t meet with them during office hours, try talking with them during class breaks or right before or after class.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Get Approval on Your Essays Before Writing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Okay, we all love to procrastinate, but when it comes to writing great essays, you need to start early. Write your essay thesis and outline as soon as possible. Then meet with your teacher in office hours, or via email, and have your outline reviewed. Your teacher will probably give you some great advice on how to improve or shape your paper. Once you’re essay is finished, get it proofread by several other students. And if you finish really early, ask if your teacher will review your essay before submission.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Get a Study Partner from Class&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It’s not always practical to study with another student in your class, but try to do this at least once—especially before a final exam. Study partners can be extremely helpful because they can help clarify subjects taught in class. They might have also written down some notes you might have missed. They also can be great proofreaders for your class essays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Use Flash Cards&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you’re class requires memorization of key terms or concepts, make flash cards. Flash cards can help you learn concepts quicker because you can study the cards wherever you are. All you need is a big pack of flash cards and a rubber band. Just remember to just have one main point or concept on each card. Don’t make the mistake of putting too much info on a card.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Highlight Your Books&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You know those big, yellow highlighters that you used to color with as a kid. Get one and use it to highlight important concepts in your book. Highlighting important parts of your textbooks will help you quickly review your textbook later.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Write in Your Textbook&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the best ways to learn is by getting involved in your study material. You can get involved by writing notes in you textbooks. Circle important words. Underline vital concepts. Write down questions in the margin. Summarize key concepts and write them down on the page. The more you write, the more you’ll probably learn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Get the Contact Info of Students in Class&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Get the contact information from at least two other students in class. You never know when you’ll miss a class, and it’s nice to have someone to call to find out what happened. This is a must for any student.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Succeeding in school takes work, but if you study smart and meet with your teachers on a regular basis, you’ll have a much easier time&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-9199523195025455313?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/9199523195025455313/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-to-succeed-in-school.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/9199523195025455313'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/9199523195025455313'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-to-succeed-in-school.html' title='How to Succeed in School'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-1492607536819553179</id><published>2009-01-14T01:22:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-14T01:28:59.808-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>Helping Students With their Reading Problems</title><content type='html'>Reading is a difficult process. The brain must be doing several things at once in order to make sense out of the written word. Many things can go wrong when a student is learning to read. Kids who struggle with reading struggle with life. If there is just one skill you can spend time on to help a student succeed in school and life, it would be reading.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The biggest mistake most people make is to try to teach a student to read in the same method they were taught or by using traditional methods. Well, guess what? If these methods worked, then the student would be reading and reading well. So, to start with, please understand that different methods must be used to help a struggling reader. A combination of brain, visual, visual memory, auditory, and tactile decoding training is a method that works to help students learn to read, especially when traditional methods have failed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To start with, use brain integration activities to help balance the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Phonics is a left brain activity, and many right brain dominant students have a terrible time learning to read with traditional phonics based methods. Also, students with reading problems should do vision and auditory exercises to strengthen these learning systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now that the brain and learning systems are primed for optimal learning, the student needs decoding practice. Most poor readers look at the first syllable or two of a word and start sounding it out. However, for some reason, this is as far as they can get, and from there they start guessing. For instance, the word dignity may be read as digital by the student. This is not an accurate method to read and causes a lot of problems, especially with comprehension.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In order to remedy this situation, the student is to sound out a decoding unit that is in color, since the right side of the brain is attracted to color. The decoding unit is placed within a larger word. There is also a picture to represent the decoding unit, once again because the right side of the brain works in pictures. For example, the decoding unit ar would have a picture of a car for the picture. Then the student reads a list of words with the ar sound imbedded within them. The words might be far, dark, remark, etc. The ar would be in color while the rest of the word is in black. The student has a picture and a color to help remember the sound.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Next, the student reads nonsense words with the ar sound. These might be something like lar, smar, cark, etc. This time there is no color or picture. The student uses a highlighter to go over the sounds while reading the nonsense words. As the student moves the marker over the letters, he reads the sounds. Once again, the color activates the right side of the brain while the student is forced to stay on the sound that he is looking at. This prevents looking at the word as a whole and guessing. (Right brain dominant students look at the whole of something as well as pictures and colors.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another option used with great success is to have the student pull down a coin or tile at every sound read. This involves another tactile operation while reading and also forces the student to look at sounds as he reads instead of the whole word and a mental picture that might go with it, often one that is incorrect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next step is to dictate the real words the student learned and have the student write them down on paper or in a gooey substance. This not only helps with spelling, but it will give you a good idea if the student has mastered the decoding unit. You would call out the words far, dark, remark, etc. and have the student write them. If the decoding unit was learned, the student will recall the unit and spell it correctly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the student learns one decoding unit per day, it will only take about 15 minutes per day. There are more than 52 known decoding units that can be used. Kids who have struggled with reading are raising test scores and grades, usually within six weeks. This read, touch, and write method works when all other methods have failed.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-1492607536819553179?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/1492607536819553179/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/helping-students-with-their-reading.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1492607536819553179'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1492607536819553179'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/helping-students-with-their-reading.html' title='Helping Students With their Reading Problems'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-7857963256403513885</id><published>2009-01-11T02:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-11T02:34:12.164-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RELIGION'/><title type='text'>Meninggalnya Syekh Siti Jenar Bukan Dieksekusi</title><content type='html'>Syekh Siti Jenar yang merupakan wali kontroversial ternyata tidak wafat dieksekusi seperti dipersepsikan masyarakat Islam selama ini.&lt;br /&gt;"Saya meneliti sejarah Syekh Siti Jenar dari sekitar 300 pustaka kuno yang tidak ada di perpustakaan, ternyata persepsi tentang Syekh Siti Jenar seperti selama ini tidak benar," kata Agus Sunyoto selaku penulis buku di Surabaya, Sabtu.&lt;br /&gt;Ia mengungkapkan hal itu untuk meluruskan stigma jelek terhadap sosok Syekh Siti Jenar dalam bedah buku bertajuk "Susuk Malang Sungsang" yang berjumlah tujuh jilid di Toko Buku (TB) Togamas Surabaya.&lt;br /&gt;Bedah buku karya Agus Sunyoto itu menampilkan pembahas Mohammad Sobary (mantan PU LKBN ANTARA/LIPI), Prof DR Setyo Yuwono Sudikan (budayawan/guru besar Universitas Negeri Surabaya), dan KH Agus Ali Masyhuri (PP Bumi Sholawat, Tulangan, Sidoarjo).&lt;br /&gt;Menurut Agus Sunyoto, Syekh Siti Jenar juga tetap menjalankan syariat (hukum dan amal dalam beragama) dan tidak mengajarkan "sasahidan" atau ajaran yang sesat dan menyesatkan seperti dipersepsikan orang selama ini.&lt;br /&gt;"Jadi, para pengikut beliau menganggap persepsi orang tentang Syekh Siti Jenar selama ini merupakan kebohongan, bahkan dalam soal tauhid (keimanan) pun, Syekh Siti Jenar tidak menganggap dirinya adalah Tuhan," katanya.&lt;br /&gt;Ajaran manunggaling kawula-Gusti (kesatuan Tuhan dan manusia), katanya, merujuk pada Al-Qur’an (firman Allah SWT) bahwa Allah SWT ada di mana-mana tanpa dibatasi ruang, gerak, dan waktu atau Tuhan selalu ada dalam setiap ruang kosong.&lt;br /&gt;"Ketika Nabi Muhammad SAW membangun ka’bah bukan berarti Tuhan itu ada di ka’bah tapi di tengah-tengah ka’bah ada ruang kosong. Nah, Tuhan selalu ada di dalam setiap ruang kosong, apakah di Timur Tengah, Indonesia, atau alam semesta ini," katanya.&lt;br /&gt;Membedah buku karya Agus Sunyoto itu, budayawan Prof DR Setyo Yuwono Sudikan yang juga guru besar Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) itu mengatakan, Agus Sunyoto telah melakukan dekonstruksi sosok Syekh Siti Jenar melalui buku.&lt;br /&gt;"Agus Sunyoto telah melakukan dekonstruksi ketokohan dan ajaran Syekh Siti Jenar. Dari zaman ke zaman, negara memang telah menguatkan hegemoni terhadap ulama, pujangga, dan tokoh masyarakat yang dianggap kritis dan berbahaya," katanya.&lt;br /&gt;Senada dengan itu, budayawan Mohammad Sobary menyatakan, karya Agus Sunyoto membuktikan bahwa sejarah itu tidak pernah selesai dan kebenaran sejarah juga tak selalu final.&lt;br /&gt;"Paling tidak, Agus Sunyoto telah menampar wajah para ilmuwan yang selama ini merasa puas dengan sejarah yang sudah ada, bahkan Agus Sunyoto juga berhasil membongkar tabir mitos yang selama ini melingkupi Syekh Siti Jenar," katanya.&lt;br /&gt;Namun, katanya, karya Agus Sunyoto akan lebih hebat lagi jika tidak hanya berhenti pada penampilan sosok Syekh Siti Jenar secara lebih adil, melainkan juga mendorong pembaca tertarik meneladani Syekh Siti Jenar dan akhirnya sujud kepada Allah SWT yang menciptakan tokoh seperti Syekh Jenar.&lt;br /&gt;Catatan serupa juga dikatakan pengasuh Pesantren Bumi Sholawat, Tulangan, Sidoarjo, KH Agus Ali Masyhuri. "Agus Sunyoto memang mampu menjebol stigma jelek tentang sosok Syekh Siti Jenar," katanya.&lt;br /&gt;Bahkan, katanya, pandangan bahwa Syekh Siti Jenar itu mampu mengubah diri seperti cacing atau anjing telah dibantah, karena pandangan seperti itu sama halnya dengan rekayasa untuk memojokkan seorang wali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;taken from :  http://www.kompas.com/gayahidup/news/0508/27/211624.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-7857963256403513885?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/7857963256403513885/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/meninggalnya-syekh-siti-jenar-bukan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7857963256403513885'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7857963256403513885'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/meninggalnya-syekh-siti-jenar-bukan.html' title='Meninggalnya Syekh Siti Jenar Bukan Dieksekusi'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-1474388985994654228</id><published>2009-01-11T02:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-11T02:27:21.756-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='SCIENCE'/><title type='text'>Air minum isi ulang mengandung Bakteri. Fakta atau Fitnah ?</title><content type='html'>Banyak penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dinas kesehatan dari berbagai kota di Indonesia terhadap kualitas air minum dari Depot air minum isi ulang. Hasilnya adalah banyaknya ditemukan bakteri E colie dalam air minum tsb.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Benarkah demikian adanya ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saya jawab : Benar, walaupun tidak semua depot air minum isi ulang mengandung bakteri. Penyebab adanya bakteri E colie adalah :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Penggunaan Ultraviolet yang tidak sesuai antara kapasitas dan kecepatan air yang melewati penyinaran Ultraviolet tsb. Akibat air terlalu cepat, maka bakterinya tidak mati. Idealnya, untuk Depot air minum isi ulang kapasitas Ultraviolet minimal adalah Type 5 GPM atau daya lampu 30 Watt dan kecepatan air yang melewati UV tsb adalah 19 liter ( 1 Galon ) per 1 menit 15 detik. (Jangan lebih cepat dari itu).&lt;br /&gt;2. Kurangnya kebersihan depot dan lingkungan sekitar&lt;br /&gt;3. Karena keterbatasan modal,banyak yang membeli paket Depot yang berharga murah dengan peralatan dibawah Standar Minimum peralatan. Antara lain minimal menggunakan tabung berisi media pasir silika, karbon aktif , Ultraviolet minimal Type 5 GPM dan penyaringan Micro filter / filter sedimen berukuran mulai 10 mikron s/d 01 micron.&lt;br /&gt;4. Kurangnya kesadaran pemilik Depot untuk memeriksakan Depotnya 3 bulan sekali ke Dinas kesehatan setempat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dinas Kesehatan setempat sebaiknya proaktif memeriksa Depot air minum di Wilayah kerjanya masing masing ( Sorry, bukan mendikte lho...) agar kualitas Depot air minum tetap terjaga dan secara tidak langsung justru memperbaiki citra depot air minum isi ulang tsb yang sudah terlanjur negatif.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Semoga menjadi ilmu pengetahuan yang berharga bagi yang sudah memiliki Depot dan bagi yang akan memulai usaha ini, agar jangan membeli peralatan dibawah standar minimum seperti yang saya sebutkan di atas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-1474388985994654228?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/1474388985994654228/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/air-minum-isi-ulang-mengandung-bakteri.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1474388985994654228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1474388985994654228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/air-minum-isi-ulang-mengandung-bakteri.html' title='Air minum isi ulang mengandung Bakteri. Fakta atau Fitnah ?'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-247604320598398945</id><published>2009-01-11T02:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-11T02:22:37.595-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='SCIENCE'/><title type='text'>Sejarah Perkembangan Komputer</title><content type='html'>Komputer yang kita gunakan sekarang ini tidak serta merta muncul begitu saja melainkan melalui proses yang panjang dalam evolusinya. Hal ihwal munculnya komputer mungkin dapat dilihat dalam kilas balik sejarah sejak digunakannya  Abacus – ditemukan di Babilonia (Irak) sekitar 5000 tahun yang lalu – sebagai alat perhitungan manual yang pertama, baik di lingkup sekolah maupun kalangan pedagang, saat itu. Pada periode selanjutnya telah banyak ditemukan alat-alat hitung mekanikal sejenis yaitu Pascaline yang ditemukan oleh Blaine Pascal pada tahun 1642, Arithometer oleh Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar pada tahun 1820, Babbage’s Folly oleh Charles Babbage pada tahun 1822, dan Hollerith oleh Herman Hollerith pada tahun 1889. Kesemuanya masih berbentuk mesin sepenuhnya tanpa tenaga listrik. Ukuran dan kerumitan strukturnya berdasarkan atas tingkat pengoperasian perhitungan yang dilakukan. Barulah pada tahun 1940, era baru komputer elektrik dimulai sejak ditemukannya komputer elektrik yang menerapkan sistem aljabar Boolean.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perkembangan teknologi komputer yang dijabarkan di bawah ini di bagi atas empat generasi berdasarkan atas komponen-komponen yang digunakannya, mulai dari yang berukuran “big” hingga mikro yang sejalan juga dengan kerumitan komponennya. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi Pertama&lt;br /&gt;Saat ini merupakan jamannya komputer-komputer raksasa, seperti Z3, Colossus, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I. Karakteristik komputer pada zaman ini ditandai dengan ukurannya yang hampir sebesar kamar tidur, mengunakan tube vakum dengan jumlah yang amat banyak untuk menyimpan dan memproses perintah atau instruksi, memakan tenaga listrik ribuan watt, menggunakan bahasa mesin dan hanya dapat digunakan oleh orang yang terlatih. Jadi, orang awam tidak akan dapat menggunakannya sehingga komputer jenis ini belum dikomersialisasikan ke khalayak ramai. Hanya perusahaan-perusahaan besar, institusi pendidikan dan instansi pemerintah yang menggunakannya.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi Kedua&lt;br /&gt;Jaman ini dimulai dengan pemakaian transistor dan dioda sebagai pengganti dari tube vakum sehingga sizenya lebih kecil dibandingkan generasi pendahulunya. Penemuan lainnya yaitu penggunaan memori inti magnetik yang berfungsi menyimpan data, sehingga lebih cepat dalam pemrosesan data, serta bahasa mesin telah digantikan dengan bahasa assembly (Fortran dan Cobol) yang memudahkan dalam pengoperasiannya. Beberapa contoh komputer pada masa ini, yaitu Stretch, LARC, DEC PDP-8, IBM 1401, IBM 7090 dan IBM 7094.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi Ketiga&lt;br /&gt;Era baru komunikasi komputer mulai menapakkan kakinya pada momentum ini. Sebagian besar perusahaan-perusahaan besar menerapkan sistem on-line dengan menggunakan terminal jarak jauh dalam pemakaian komputer (baca : on-line). Teknologi ini tentunya didukung pula oleh kinerja komputer yang semakin baik dari segi penggunaan hardware maupun software. Penemuan baru di bidang hardware dilakoni dengan munculnya IC (Integrated Circuit) dalam komponen komputer. Karena kelebihannya dalam menyatukan berbagai komponen-komponen dalam suatu chip tunggal sehingga komputer pada saat itu ukuran komputer menjadi semakin kecil tanpa menurunkan kinerja yang dihasilkan, bahkan semakin meningkatkan kinerjanya. Pada bagian software, teknik-teknik pemrograman jamak (Multi Programming) mulai dikembangkan sehingga makin menambah koleksi berbagai bahasa pemrograman yang ada. Cray-1, UNIVAC 90/30 dan IBM 360 adalah beberapa contoh komputer pada generasi ini.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generasi Keempat&lt;br /&gt;Seiring dengan lajunya waktu perkembangan komputer sebagai alat pemrosesan data semakin meningkat pesat terutama pada generasi ini. Kecepatannya yang semakin bertambah berbanding terbalik dengan ukurannya yang semakin kecil dengan didukung oleh kemampuan memori yang lebih besar. Harganya pun semakin murah disebabkan oleh karena komponen-komponennya telah diproduksi dan dijual secara missal. Pada periode ini berbagai IC disatukan menjadi satu kesatuan membentuk komponen yang disebut dengan VLSI (Very Large Scale IC). Penggunaan perangkat lunak yang semakin mudah dan berkembang mulai diterapkan pada komputer-komputer rumahan, seperti word processing dan spreadsheet. Jaringan internet pun makin luas yang dahulunya hanya dinikmati oleh kelompok-kelompok elite kini sudah bisa digunakan juga oleh masyarakat awam. Penggunaan mikroprosessor kini tidak mutlak lagi digunakan hanya pada komputer melainkan sudah diaplikasikan pada produk-produk elektronik lainnya, seperti televisi dan microwave. Melihat perkembangan dunia komputer yang tingkat pertumbuhannya sangat tinggi mulai dari generasi awal hingga sekarang ini dapat kita prediksikan bagaimana karakteristik komputer pada generasi mendatang. Mungkin saja, komputer nantinya tidak harus terus didikte oleh manusia tetapi ia sudah dapat melakukan segala sesuatunya sendiri. Boleh dikata kemampuannya sudah menyerupai kepandaian manusia. Kemampuan seperti itu (Kecerdasan Buatan atau Artificial Intelegence) kini aktif diteliti oleh negara-negara maju seperti Jepang dan Amerika Serikat.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-247604320598398945?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/247604320598398945/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/sejarah-perkembangan-komputer.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/247604320598398945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/247604320598398945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/sejarah-perkembangan-komputer.html' title='Sejarah Perkembangan Komputer'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-6756963325573926638</id><published>2009-01-11T02:01:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-11T02:10:49.375-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>SYEKH SITI JENAR</title><content type='html'>Syekh Siti Jenar (juga dikenal dalam banyak nama lain, antara lain Sitibrit, Lemahbang, dan Lemah Abang) adalah seorang tokoh yang dianggap Sufi dan juga salah satu penyebar agama Islam di pulau Jawa yang sangat kontroversial di Jawa, Indonesia. Tidak ada yang mengetahui secara pasti asal-usulnya, di masyarakat, terdapat banyak varian cerita mengenai asal-usul Syekh Siti Jenar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sebagian umat Islam menganggapnya sesat karena ajarannya yang terkenal, yaitu Manunggaling Kawula Gusti. Akan tetapi sebagian yang lain menganggap bahwa Syekh Siti Jenar adalah intelektual yang sudah mendapatkan esensi Islam itu sendiri. Ajaran - ajarannya tertuang dalam pupuh, yaitu karya sastra yang dibuatnya. Meskipun demikian, ajaran yang sangat mulia dari Syekh Siti Jenar adalah budi pekerti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syekh Siti Jenar mengembangkan ajaran cara hidup sufi yang bertentangan dengan cara hidup Walisongo. Pertentangan praktek sufi Syekh Siti Jenar dengan Walisongo terletak pada penekanan aspek formal ketentuan syariah yang dilakukan oleh Walisongo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ajaran Syekh Siti Jenar yang paling kontroversial terkait dengan konsepnya tentang hidup dan mati, Tuhan dan kebebasan, serta tempat berlakunya syariat tersebut. Syekh Siti Jenar memandang bahwa kehidupan manusia di dunia ini disebut sebagai kematian. Sebaliknya, yaitu apa yang disebut umum sebagai kematian justru disebut sebagai awal dari kehidupan yang hakiki dan abadi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Konsekuensinya, ia tidak dapat dikenai hukum yang bersifat keduniawian (hukum negara dan lainnnya), tidak termasuk didalamnya hukum syariat peribadatan sebagaimana ketentuan syariah. Dan menurut ulama pada masa itu yang memahami inti ajaran Siti Jenar bahwa manusia di dunia ini tidak harus memenuhi rukun Islam yang lima, yaitu: syahadat, shalat, puasa, zakat dan haji. Baginya, syariah itu baru berlaku sesudah manusia menjalani kehidupan paska kematian. Syekh Siti Jenar juga berpendapat bahwa Allah itu ada dalam dirinya, yaitu di dalam budi. Pemahaman inilah yang dipropagandakan oleh para ulama pada masa itu. Mirip dengan konsep Al-Hallaj (tokoh sufi Islam yang dihukum mati pada awal sejarah perkembangan Islam sekitar abad ke-9 Masehi) tentang Hulul yang berkaitan dengan kesamaan sifat manusia dan Tuhan. Dimana Pemahaman ketauhidan harus dilewati melalui 4 tahapan ; 1. Syariat (dengan menjalankan hukum-hukum agama spt sholat, zakat dll); 2. Tarekat, dengan melakukan amalan-amalan spt wirid, dzikir dalam waktu dan hitungan tertentu; 3. Hakekat, dimana hakekat dari manusia dan kesejatian hidup akan ditemukan; dan 4. Ma'rifat, kecintaan kepada Allah dengan makna seluas-luasnya. Bukan berarti bahwa setelah memasuki tahapan-tahapan tersebut maka tahapan dibawahnya ditiadakan. Pemahaman inilah yang kurang bisa dimengerti oleh para ulama pada masa itu tentang ilmu tasawuf yang disampaikan oleh Syech Siti Jenar. Ilmu yang baru bisa dipahami setelah melewati ratusan tahun pasca wafatnya sang Syech. Para ulama mengkhawatirkan adanya kesalahpahaman dalam menerima ajaran yang disampaikan oleh Syech Siti Jenar kepada masyarakat awam dimana pada masa itu ajaran Islam yang harus disampaikan adalah pada tingkatan 'syariat'. Sedangkan ajaran Siti Jenar sudah memasuki tahap 'hakekat' dan bahkan 'ma'rifat'kepada Allah (kecintaan yang sangat kepada ALLAH). Oleh karenanya, ajaran yang disampaikan oleh Siti Jenar hanya dapat dibendung dengan kata 'SESAT'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam pupuhnya, Syekh Siti Jenar merasa malu apabila harus berdebat masalah agama. Alasannya sederhana, yaitu dalam agama apapun, setiap pemeluk sebenarnya menyembah zat Yang Maha Kuasa. Hanya saja masing - masing menyembah dengan menyebut nama yang berbeda - beda dan menjalankan ajaran dengan cara yang belum tentu sama. Oleh karena itu, masing - masing pemeluk tidak perlu saling berdebat untuk mendapat pengakuan bahwa agamanya yang paling benar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Syekh Siti Jenar juga mengajarkan agar seseorang dapat lebih mengutamakan prinsip ikhlas dalam menjalankan ibadah. Orang yang beribadah dengan mengharapkan surga atau pahala berarti belum bisa disebut ikhlas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam ajarannya ini, pendukungnya berpendapat bahwa Syekh Siti Jenar tidak pernah menyebut dirinya sebagai Tuhan. Manunggaling Kawula Gusti dianggap bukan berarti bercampurnya Tuhan dengan Makhluknya, melainkan bahwa Sang Pencipta adalah tempat kembali semua makhluk. Dan dengan kembali kepada Tuhannya, manusia telah menjadi sangat dekat dengan Tuhannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dan dalam ajarannya, 'Manunggaling Kawula Gusti' adalah bahwa di dalam diri manusia terdapat ruh yang berasal dari ruh Tuhan sesuai dengan ayat Al Qur'an yang menerangkan tentang penciptaan manusia ("Ketika Tuhanmu berfirman kepada malaikat: "Sesungguhnya Aku akan menciptakan manusia dari tanah. Maka apabila telah Kusempurnakan kejadiannya dan Kutiupkan kepadanya roh Ku; maka hendaklah kamu tersungkur dengan bersujud kepadanya (Shaad; 71-72)"). Dengan demikian ruh manusia akan menyatu dengan ruh Tuhan dikala penyembahan terhadap Tuhan terjadi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perbedaan penafsiran ayat Al Qur'an dari para murid Syekh Siti inilah yang menimbulkan polemik bahwa di dalam tubuh manusia bersemayam ruh Tuhan, yaitu polemik paham 'Manunggaling Kawula Gusti'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prinsip ini berarti memakmurkan bumi. Ini mirip dengan pesan utama Islam, yaitu rahmatan lil alamin. Seorang dianggap muslim, salah satunya apabila dia bisa memberikan manfaat bagi lingkungannya dan bukannya menciptakan kerusakan di bumi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kontroversi yang lebih hebat terjadi di sekitar kematian Syekh Siti Jenar. Ajarannya yang amat kontroversial itu telah membuat gelisah para pejabat kerajaan Demak Bintoro. Di sisi kekuasaan, Kerajaan Demak khawatir ajaran ini akan berujung pada pemberontakan mengingat salah satu murid Syekh Siti Jenar, Ki Ageng Pengging atau Ki Kebokenanga adalah keturunan elite Majapahit (sama seperti Raden Patah) dan mengakibatkan konflik di antara keduanya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dari sisi agama Islam, Walisongo yang menopang kekuasaan Demak Bintoro, khawatir ajaran ini akan terus berkembang sehingga menyebarkan kesesatan di kalangan umat. Kegelisahan ini membuat mereka merencanakan satu tindakan bagi Syekh Siti Jenar yaitu harus segera menghadap Demak Bintoro. Pengiriman utusan Syekh Dumbo dan Pangeran Bayat ternyata tak cukup untuk dapat membuat Siti Jenar memenuhi panggilan Sri Narendra Raja Demak Bintoro untuk menghadap ke Kerajaan Demak. Hingga konon akhirnya para Walisongo sendiri yang akhirnya datang ke Desa Krendhasawa di mana perguruan Siti Jenar berada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para Wali dan pihak kerajaan sepakat untuk menjatuhkan hukuman mati bagi Syekh Siti Jenar dengan tuduhan telah membangkang kepada raja. Maka berangkatlah lima wali yang diusulkan oleh Syekh Maulana Maghribi ke Desa Krendhasawa. Kelima wali itu adalah Sunan Bonang, Sunan Kalijaga, Pangeran Modang, Sunan Kudus, dan Sunan Geseng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sesampainya di sana, terjadi perdebatan dan adu ilmu antara kelima wali tersebut dengan Siti Jenar. Menurut Siti Jenar, kelima wali tersebut tidak usah repot-repot ingin membunuh Siti Jenar. Karena beliau dapat meminum tirtamarta (air kehidupan) sendiri. Ia dapat menjelang kehidupan yang hakiki jika memang ia dan budinya menghendaki.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tak lama, terbujurlah jenazah Siti Jenar di hadapan kelima wali. Ketika hal ini diketahui oleh para muridnya, serentak keempat muridnya yang benar-benar pandai yaitu Ki Bisono, Ki Donoboyo, Ki Chantulo dan Ki Pringgoboyo pun mengakhiri "kematian"-nya dengan cara yang misterius seperti yang dilakukan oleh gurunya di hadapan para wali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah tersiar kabar kematian Syekh Siti Jenar, banyak muridnya yang mengikuti jejak gurunya untuk menuju kehidupan yang hakiki. Di antaranya yang terceritakan adalah Kiai Lonthang dari Semarang, Ki Kebokenanga dan Ki Ageng Tingkir.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-6756963325573926638?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/6756963325573926638/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/syekh-siti-jenar.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6756963325573926638'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6756963325573926638'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/syekh-siti-jenar.html' title='SYEKH SITI JENAR'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-5096232877041159782</id><published>2009-01-11T01:57:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-11T01:58:13.872-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LOVE'/><title type='text'>Mutiara kata Ibnu-Qayyum</title><content type='html'>Di dalam hati manusia ada kekusutan dan tidak akan terurai kecuali menerima kehendak Allah swt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di dalam hati manusia ada keganasan dan tidak akan hilang kecuali berjinak dengan Allah swt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di dalam hati manusia ada kesedihan dan tidak akan hilang kecuali seronok mengenali Allah swt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di dalam hati manusia ada kegelisahan dan tidak akan tenang damai kecuali berlindung, bertemu dan berjumpa denganNya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di dalam hati manusia ada penyesalan dan tidak akan padam kecuali redha dengan suruhan dan laranganNya serta qadha dan qadarNya serta kesenantiasaan sabar sehingga menemuiNya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di dalam hati manusia ada hajat dan tidak akan terbendung kecuali kecintaan kepadaNya dan bermohon kepadaNya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kesentiasaan berzikir kepadaNya adalah keikhlasan sebenar kepadaNya. . Andai dunia dan isinya diberikan kepada manusia masih tidak lagi dapat membendung hajat hati si hamba itu..&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-5096232877041159782?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/5096232877041159782/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/mutiara-kata-ibnu-qayyum.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5096232877041159782'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5096232877041159782'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/mutiara-kata-ibnu-qayyum.html' title='Mutiara kata Ibnu-Qayyum'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-67400874372719847</id><published>2009-01-07T04:35:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-07T04:37:44.934-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='SCIENCE'/><title type='text'>ASTRONOT &amp; BULAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWSh4hkkpbI/AAAAAAAAABI/8gzTSv3GYk8/s1600-h/bulan.jpeg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 120px; height: 90px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWSh4hkkpbI/AAAAAAAAABI/8gzTSv3GYk8/s320/bulan.jpeg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288529854896317874" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Balon yang diisi gas dapat terbang tinggi sekali. Mengapa astronot tidak menggunakan balon yang banyak saja untuk terbang ke luar angkasa? Agar balon dapat terbang ke atas, massa jenis balon harus lebih ringan dari massa jenis udara. Semakin keatas, kerapatan atau massa jenis udara semakin kecil. Pada ketinggian 30 Km, massa jenis udara sama dengan massa jenis balon gas, maka balon gas tidak dapat terbang pada ketinggian lebih daripada 30 Km, maka balon gas tidak dapat digunakan sebagai alat tranportasi astonot itu.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-67400874372719847?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/67400874372719847/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/astronot-bulan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/67400874372719847'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/67400874372719847'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/astronot-bulan.html' title='ASTRONOT &amp; BULAN'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWSh4hkkpbI/AAAAAAAAABI/8gzTSv3GYk8/s72-c/bulan.jpeg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-5801529855527346198</id><published>2009-01-07T04:24:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-07T04:34:40.461-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>How to Discipline Without Stress, Punishment or Rewards</title><content type='html'>Young people today come to school with a different orientation than past generations. Traditional student disciplining approaches are no longer successful for far too many young people. For example, a parent related the following to me after a discussion of how society and youth have changed in recent generations:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The other day, my teenage daughter was eating in a rather slovenly manner, and I lightly tapped her on the wrist saying, "Don't eat that way." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;My daughter replied, "Don't abuse me."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The mother had grown up in the 1960s and volunteered the point that her generation tested authority but most were really afraid to step out of bounds. She related that her daughter was a good child and added, "But the kids today not only disrespect authority, they have no fear of it." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;And, because of rights for young children—which we should have—it's hard to instill that fear without others claiming abuse.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;So, how can we discipline students, so we as teachers can do our jobs and teach these young children who refuse to learn?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;In many cases we resort to punishment as a strategy for motivation. For example, students who are assigned detention and who fail to show are punished with more detention. But in my questioning about the use of detention in hundreds of workshops around the country, teachers rarely suggest detention is actually effective in changing behavior. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Why detention is an ineffective form of punishment &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;When students are not afraid, punishment loses its effectiveness. Go ahead give the student more detention that he simply won't show up to.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;This negative, coercive discipline and punishment approach is based on the belief that it is necessary to cause suffering to teach. It's like you need to hurt in order to instruct. The fact of the matter, however, is that people learn better when they feel better, not when they feel worse. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Remember, if punishment were effective in reducing inappropriate behavior, then there would be NO discipline problems in schools.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The irony of punishment is that the more you use it to control your students' behaviors, the less real influence you have over them. This is because coercion breeds resentment. In addition, if students behave because they are forced to behave, the teacher has not really succeeded. Students should behave because they want to—not because they have to in order to avoid punishment.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;People are not changed by other people. People can be coerced into temporary compliance. But internal motivation—where people want to change—is more lasting and effective. Coercion, as in punishment, is not a lasting change agent. Once the punishment is over, the student feels free and clear. The way to influence people toward internal rather than external motivation is through positive, non-coercive interaction.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Here's how...&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;7 Things GREAT Teachers Know, Understand, and Do to Motivate Students to Learn Without Using Punishments or Rewards.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1. Great teachers understand that they are in the relationship business. Many students—especially those in low socio-economic areas—put forth little effort if they have negative feelings about their teachers. Superior teachers establish good relationships AND have high expectations. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2. Great teachers communicate and discipline in positive ways. They let their students know what they want them to do, rather than by telling students what NOT to do. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3. Great teachers inspire rather than coerce. They aim at promoting responsibility rather than obedience. They know that OBEDIENCE DOES NOT CREATE DESIRE. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;4. Great teachers identify the reason that a lesson is being taught and then share it with their students. These teachers inspire their students through curiosity, challenge, and relevancy. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;5. Great teachers improve skills that prompt students to WANT to behave responsibly and WANT to put effort into their learning. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;6. Great teachers have an open mindset. They REFLECT so that if a lesson needs improvement they look to themselves to change BEFORE they expect their students to change.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;7. Great teachers know education is about motivation.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Unfortunately, today's educational establishment still has a 20th century mindset that focuses on EXTERNAL APPROACHES to increase motivation. An example of the fallacy of this approach is the defunct self-esteem movement that used external approaches such as stickers and praise in attempts to make people happy and feel good. What was overlooked was the simple universal truth that people develop positive self-talk and self-esteem through the successes of THEIR OWN EFFORTS.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;If you follow the advice above and in my book "Discipline without Stress, Punishments or Rewards" and you will promote education and social responsibility in a positive learning environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;taken from : http://www.marvinmarshall.com/previews/flv/marshall/index.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-5801529855527346198?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/5801529855527346198/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-to-discipline-without-stress.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5801529855527346198'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/5801529855527346198'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-to-discipline-without-stress.html' title='How to Discipline Without Stress, Punishment or Rewards'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-7963483753358514299</id><published>2009-01-05T06:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T06:28:50.320-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EDUCATION'/><title type='text'>Internet Masuk Sekolah - Mengapa?</title><content type='html'>Internet adalah "Alat Bantu", bukan "Solusi Pendidikan" (di tingkat Sekolah). Internet (tanpa bahasa Inggris) sebagai sumber informasi yang sangat terbatas. Bahan pelajaran (dalam bahasa Indonesia) juga sangat sedikit. Kelihatannya kurikulum kita juga tidak berbasis-penelitian, jadi untuk apa Internet di sekolah? Internet di sekolah jelas bukan prioritas kan?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendidikan Yang Bermutu adalah: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendidikan Berbasis-Guru yang Mampu dan Sejahtera, di Sekolah yang Bermutu, dengan Kurikulum yang Sesuai dengan Kebutuhan Siswa-Siswi dan "Well Balanced" (seimbang, dengan banyak macam keterampilan termasuk teknologi), yang Diimplementasikan secara PAKEM (Pembelajaran Kontekstual). ("Mampu" termasuk Kreatif) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pada umum Internet (di luar negeri) digunakan di tingkat sekolah sebagai alat penelitian, bukan sumber pelajaran. Walapun begitu "Be careful. Teachers interested in integrating the benefits of the Internet into their curriculum should proceed &lt;br /&gt;cautiously and methodically. Avoid getting caught up in all of the Internet hype (retorika) and trying to do everything at once. Set small goals and take steps to reach those goals." (Ref: Some Thoughts on the Use of the Internet in Schools)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-7963483753358514299?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/7963483753358514299/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/internet-masuk-sekolah-mengapa.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7963483753358514299'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7963483753358514299'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/internet-masuk-sekolah-mengapa.html' title='Internet Masuk Sekolah - Mengapa?'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-1966619431501969441</id><published>2009-01-05T06:19:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T06:19:59.792-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RELIGION'/><title type='text'>WHAT IS SUFISM ?</title><content type='html'>Sufism (Sufism) may be best described as a mystical practice that emphasizes certain unique rituals for guiding spiritual seekers into a direct encounter with God. Muhammad is considered their chief prophet and many consider Sufism to be a mystical brand of Islam. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sufism is a difficult term to actually define because its meaning is supposed to have derived from various words, with differing connotations: &lt;br /&gt;Bishr ibn al–Harith has said that, “the sufi is he whose heart is sincere towards God.” Thus, one of the words from which Sufism is supposed to have derived is safa meaning pure -- this due to the purity of the sufis’ heart. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Others have derived sufi from the word saff; this refers to the sufis’ “first rank” before God. Sufis believe that they are in a prominent position in relation to God. The term suffab -- meaning, “People of the Bench” -- and the word suf which refers to the Sufis habit of wearing wool are two more popular supposed derivations of the word sufi. &lt;br /&gt;These two latter definitions gained acceptability because they quite accurately described the observed behavior of the sufi. Sufis, being people who are neither possessed or possess were as the People of the Bench (people who lived in the time of God’s Prophet) -- people who had fled the world, wanderers, without this world’s goods, not clothed in soft raiment but dressed in coarse wool. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sufis teach that Sufism may be practiced with any religion -- it is the “heart” of religion. No one faith or belief is questioned; each can follow his own church, religion, or creed.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-1966619431501969441?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/1966619431501969441/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/what-is-sufism.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1966619431501969441'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1966619431501969441'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/what-is-sufism.html' title='WHAT IS SUFISM ?'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-1576245767941660029</id><published>2009-01-05T06:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T06:15:58.779-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='RELIGION'/><title type='text'>Pengertian Tasawuf</title><content type='html'>Islam merupakan agama yang menghendaki kebersihan lahiriah sekaligus batiniah. Hal ini tampak misalnya melalui keterkaitan erat antara niat (aspek esoterik) dengan beragam praktek peribadatan seperti wudhu, shalat dan ritual lainnya (aspek eksoterik). Tasawuf merupakan salah satu bidang kajian studi Islam yang memusatkan perhatiannya pada upaya pembersihan aspek batiniah manusia yang dapat menghidupkan kegairahan akhlak yang mulia. Jadi sebagai ilmu sejak awal tasawuf memang tidak bisa dilepaskan dari tazkiyah al-nafs (penjernihan jiwa). Upaya inilah yang kemudian diteorisasikan dalam tahapan-tahapan pengendalian diri dan disiplin-disiplin tertentu dari satu tahap ke tahap berikutnya sehingga sampai pada suatu tingkatan (maqam) spiritualitas yang diistilahkan oleh kalangan sufi sebagai syuhud (persaksian), wajd (perjumpaan), atau fana’ (peniadaan diri). Dengan hati yang jernih, menurut perspektif sufistik seseorang dipercaya akan dapat mengikhlaskan amal peribadatannya dan memelihara perilaku hidupnya karena mampu merasakan kedekatan dengan Allah yang senantiasa mengawasi setiap langkah perbuatannya. Jadi pada intinya, pengertian tasawuf merujuk pada dua hal: (1) penyucian jiwa (tazkiyatun-nafs) dan (2) pendekatan diri (muraqabah) kepada Allah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Secara harfiah terdapat beberapa penafsiran tentang arti istilah sufi. Di antara penafsiran itu antara lain menyebutkan bahwa kata sufi bermula dari kata safa (suci hati dan perbuatan), saff (barisan terdepan di hadapan Tuhan), suffah (menyamai sifat para sahabat yang menghuni serambi masjid nabawi di masa kenabian), saufanah (sejenis buah/buahan yang tumbuh di padang pasir), safwah (yang terpilih atau terbaik), dan bani sufah (kabilah badui yang tinggal dekat Ka’bah di masa jahiliyah). Menurut Imam Qushaeri, keenam pendapat tersebut di atas jauh dari analogi bahasa kata sufi. Sedangkan yang lebih sesuai adalah berasal dari kata suf (bulu domba). Hal ini dinisbahkan kepada kebiasaan para sufi klasik yang memakai pakaian dari bulu domba kasar sebagai simbol kerendahan hati. Dalam kaidah ilmu sharaf, tasawwafa berarti memakai baju wol, sejajar dengan taqammasa yang berarti memakai kemeja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tasawuf secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai usaha untuk menyucikan jiwa sesuci mungkin dalam usaha mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan sehingga kehadiran-Nya senantiasa dirasakan secara sadar dalam kehidupan. Ibn al-Khaldun pernah menyatakan bahwa tasawuf para sahabat bukanlah pola ketasawufan yang menghendaki kasyf al-hijab (penyingkapan tabir antara Tuhan dengan makhluk) atau hal-hal sejenisnya yang diburu oleh para sufi di masa belakangan. Corak sufisme yang mereka tunjukkan adalah ittiba’ dan iqtida’ (kesetiaan meneladani) perilaku hidup Nabi. Islam sekalipun mengajarkan tentang ketakwaan, qana’ah, keutamaan akhlak dan juga keadilan, tetapi sama sekali tidak pernah mengajarkan hidup kerahiban, pertapaan atau uzlah sebagaimana akrab dalam tradisi mistisisme agama-agama lainnya. Abdul Qadir Mahmud menyatakan bahwa pola hidup sufistik yang diteladankan oleh sirah hidup Nabi dan para sahabatnya masih dalam kerangka zuhud. Kata Ahmad Sirhindi, tujuan tasawuf bukanlah untuk mendapat pengetahuan intuitif, melainkan untuk menjadi hamba Allah. Menurutnya, tidak ada tingkatan yang lebih tinggi dibanding tingkat ‘abdiyyat (kehambaan) dan tidak ada kebenaran yang lebih tinggi di luar syariat. Jadi, orientasi fundamental dalam perilaku sufistik generasi salaf adalah istiqamah menunaikan petunjuk agama dalam bingkai ittiba’, dan bukannya mencari karomah atau kelebihan-kelebihan supranatural.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adapun tasawuf yang berkembang pada masa berikutnya sebagai suatu aliran (mazhab), maka sejauh hal itu tidak bertentangan dengan Islam dapat dikatakan positif (ijabi). Tetapi apabila telah keluar dari prinsip-prinsip keislaman maka tasawuf tersebut menjadi mazhab yang negatif (salbi). Tasawuf ijabi mempunyai dua corak: (1) tasawuf salafi, yakni yang membatasi diri pada dalil-dalil naqli atau atsar dengan menekankan pendekatan interpretasi tekstual; (2) tasawuf sunni, yakni yang sudah memasukkan penalaran-penalaran rasional ke dalam konstruk pemahaman dan pengamalannya. Perbedaan mendasar antara tasawuf salafi dengan tasawuf sunni terletak pada takwil. Salafi menolak adanya takwil, sementara sunni menerima takwil rasional sejauh masih berada dalam kerangka syari’ah. Sedangkan tasawuf salbi atau disebut juga tasawuf falsafi adalah tasawuf yang telah terpengaruh secara jauh oleh faham gnostisisme Timur maupun Barat. Terdapat beberapa pendapat tentang pengaruh luar yang membentuk tasawuf Islam, ada yang menyebutkannya dari kebiasaan rahib Kristen yang menjauhi dunia dan kehidupan materiil. Ada pula yang menyebutkannya dari pengaruh ajaran Hindu dan juga filsafat neoplatonisme. Dalam Hindu misalnya terdapat ajaran asketisme dengan meninggalkan kehidupan duniawi guna mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan dan menggapai penyatuan antara Atman dan Brahman. Pythagoras juga mengajarkan ajakan untuk meninggalkan kehidupan materi dengan memasuki dunia kontemplasi. Demikian juga teori emanasi dari Plotinus yang dikembangkan untuk menjelaskan konsep roh yang memancar dari dzat Tuhan dan kemudian akan kembali kepada-Nya. Pada konteks ini, tujuan mistisisme baik dalam maupun di luar Islam ialah kesadaran akan adanya komunikasi dan dialog langsung antara roh manusia dan Tuhan, kemudian mengasingkan diri dan berkontemplasi. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lahirnya tasawuf didorong oleh beberapa faktor: (1) reaksi atas kecenderungan hidup hedonis yang mengumbar syahwat, (2) perkembangan teologi yang cenderung mengedepankan rasio dan kering dari aspek moral-spiritual, (3) katalisator yang sejuk dari realitas umat yang secara politis maupun teologis didominasi oleh nalar kekerasan. Karena itu sebagian ulama memilih menarik diri dari pergulatan kepentingan yang mengatasnamakan agama dengan praktek-praktek yang berlumuran darah. Menurut Hamka, kehidupan sufistik sebenarnya lahir bersama dengan lahirnya Islam itu sendiri. Sebab, ia tumbuh dan berkembang dari pribadi Nabi saw. Tasawuf Islam sebagaimana terlihat melalui praktek kehidupan Nabi dan para sahabatnya itu sebenarnya sangatlah dinamis. Hanya saja sebagian ulama belakangan justru membawa praktek kehidupan sufistik ini menjauh dari kehidupan dunia dan masyarakat. Tasawuf kemudian tak jarang dijadikan sebagai pelarian dari tanggung jawab sosial dengan alasan tidak ingin terlibat dalam fitnah yang terjadi di tengah-tengah umat. Mereka yang memilih sikap uzlah ini sering mencari-cari pembenaran (apologi) atas tindakannya pada firman Allah yang antara lain berbunyi:&lt;br /&gt;الله يحكم بينهم يوم القيامة فيما كنتم فيه تختلفون&lt;br /&gt;Padahal dapat diketahui bersama bahwa nabi dan para sahabatnya sama sekali tidak melakukan praktek kehidupan kerahiban, pertapaan atau uzlah. Mereka tidak lari dari kehidupan aktual umat, tetapi justru terlibat aktif mereformasi kehidupan yang tengah dekaden agar menjadi lebih baik dan sesuai dengan cita-cita ideal Islam.&lt;br /&gt;وعباد الرحمان الذين يمشون على الأرض هون وإذا خاطبهم الجاهلون قالوا سلاما والذين يبيتون لربهم سجدا وقياما والذين إذا أنفقوا لم يسرفوا ولم يقتروا وكان بين ذلك قواما &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sebagaimana halnya fikih dan kalam, tasawuf memang sering dipandang sebagai fenomena baru yang muncul setelah masa kenabian. Tetapi tasawuf dapat berfungsi memberi wawasan dan kesadaran spiritual atau dimensi ruhaniah dalam pemahaman dan pembahasan ilmu-ilmu keislaman. Seperti diungkap R.A. Nicholson, bahwa tanpa memahami gagasan dan bentuk-bentuk mistisisme yang dikembangkan dalam Islam, maka hal tersebut serupa dengan mereduksi keindahan Islam dan hanya menjadi kerangka formalitasnya saja. Dimensi mistis dalam tiap tradisi keagamaan cenderung mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah menuju Tuhan dengan imaji jalan (the path). Misalnya, di Kristen dikenal 3 (tiga) jalan: the via purgativa, the via contemplativa, dan the via illuminativa. Hal serupa ada pula dalam Islam, dengan mempergunakan istilah shari’a, tariqa, dan haqiqa. Praktik kesufian sebagaimana dipahami secara umum dewasa ini memang menuntut disiplin laku-laku atau amalan-amalan yang merupakan proses bagi para salik menemukan kesucian jiwanya. Salik adalah istilah yang diberikan kepada para pencari Tuhan, yaitu orang-orang yang berusaha mengadakan pendekatan (taqarrub) untuk mengenal Allah dengan sebenar-benarnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jalan spiritual yang ditempuh para sufi tidaklah mudah. Dalam tradisi kesufian, tingkatan-tingkatan spiritual digambarkan dalam analogi titik pemberhentian (station atau maqam) yang antara sufi satu dengan lainnya sering terdapat perbedaan pendapat. Station ini antara lain: (1) taubat, (2) zuhud, (3) sabar, (4) tawakkal, (5) ridha, (6) mahabbah, (7) ma’rifah, (8) fana’, (9) ittihad, (10) hulul. Selain maqam, tradisi sufi mengenal apa yang disebut dengan hal (jamaknya ahwal, state). Yakni situasi kejiwaan yang diperoleh seorang sufi sebagai karunia dari Allah atas riyadhah atau disiplin spiritual yang dijalaninya. Suatu situasi kejiwaan tertentu terkadang terjadi hanya sesaat saja (lawaih), adakalanya juga relatif cukup lama (bawadih), bahkan jika hal tersebut sudah terkondisi dan menjadi kepribadian, maka hal inilah yang disebut sebagai ahwal. Beberapa ahwal yang banyak dianut oleh kalangan sufi rumusannya sebagai berikut: (1) muraqabah, (2) khauf, dan (3) raja’, (4) Syauq, (5) Uns, (6) tuma’ninah, (7) musyahadah, (8) yakin. Allah dalam surat al-Nisa ayat 77 menyatakan, “Katakanlah, kesenangan di dunia ini hanya sementara dan akhirat itu lebih baik bagi orang-orang yang bertaqwa.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam wacana kesufian, takhalli ‘an al-radzail atau membersihkan diri dari perbuatan tercela merupakan langkah awal untuk membersihkan hati seseorang. Sedangkan tahalli bi al-fadail atau menghiasi diri dengan sifat-sifat luhur adalah tangga berikutnya untuk mencapai tingkat spiritualitas yang lebih tinggi yaitu tajalli (lihat gambar). Jadi disini, tarekat (dari kata tariq = anak jalan) digambarkan sebagai jalan yang berpangkal pada syariat (dari kata syari’ = jalan utama). Ini sebuah pengandaian olah kalangan sufi bahwa sesungguhnya sekolah tasawuf adalah cabang dari dogma agama.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-1576245767941660029?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/1576245767941660029/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/pengertian-tasawuf.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1576245767941660029'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/1576245767941660029'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/pengertian-tasawuf.html' title='Pengertian Tasawuf'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-6277336580448527813</id><published>2009-01-05T06:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T06:13:11.187-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Ahmad Dinejad (President of Iran)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIVXkNTheI/AAAAAAAAABA/xgyOMDLFeq0/s1600-h/dinejad2.jpeg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 160px; height: 200px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIVXkNTheI/AAAAAAAAABA/xgyOMDLFeq0/s320/dinejad2.jpeg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287812407087039970" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was born in the village of Arādān near Garmsar, the fourth of seven children born to a blacksmith, his family moved to Tehran when he was one year old. &lt;br /&gt;Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, waves to people during a trip to Arak, a town in central Iran.&lt;br /&gt;He ranked 130th in the nationwide university entrance exams, and entered Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) as an undergraduate student of civil engineering in 1976. &lt;br /&gt;Ahmadinejad continued his studies in the same university, entering the Master of Science program for civil engineering in 1984, in this year too he joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps , and in 1987 received his Ph.D in traffic and transportation engineering and planning.&lt;br /&gt;The graduate program was a special program for the Revolutionary Guards members funded by the organization itself. After graduation, he became a professor at the civil engineering department at IUST. &lt;br /&gt;Ahmadinejad is married and has two sons and a daughter. &lt;br /&gt;In 1979, Ahmadinejad was a member of the Office of Strengthening Unity, the student organization that planned the Teheran Embassy takeover. Six former hostages who saw the president-elect in a 1979 photo or on television said they thought Ahmadinejad was among the captors who held them for 444 days, and one said he was interrogated by Ahmadinejad, who later denied he was one of the hostage takers. And While at the university, Ahmadinejad became politically active. After the Islamic Revolution in January 1979, he helped found the Islamic Association of Students in the Science and Technology University and became a member of the Revolutionary Guard. It is unclear whether he had a hand in the taking of hostages at the U.S. Embassy in November 1979. Some of the hostages have identified Ahmadinejad as one of the men involved, but he had denied it. And several of the known hostage takers, now political opponents of Ahmadinejad, have also said that he was not there. It is known, however, that Ahmadinejad served in the war with Iraq and there are even some reports that indicate he may have been involved in some covert operations during this conflict.&lt;br /&gt;A different set of accusations against Ahmadinejad emerged in Austria. The newspaper Der Standard quoted a top official in Austria's Green Party as saying authorities have "very convincing" evidence linking Mr. Ahmadinejad to the 1989 slaying of Abdul-Rahman Ghassemlou, an Iranian opposition Kurdish leader, in Vienna. Exiled Iranian dissidents made the same accusations. Ahmadinejad joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps in 1986 during the Iran-Iraq War. After training at the headquarters, he saw action in extraterritorial covert operations against Kirkuk, Iraq. Later he also became the head engineer of the sixth army of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps and the head of the Corps' staff in the western provinces of Iran. After the war, he served as vice governor and governor of Maku and Khoy, an Advisor to the Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance, and the governor of the then newly established Ardabil province from 1993 to October 1997. &lt;br /&gt;Ahmadinejad was mostly an unknown figure in Iranian politics until he was elected Mayor of Teheran by the second City Council of Tehran on May 3, 2003, after a 12% turnout led to the election of the conservative candidates of Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran in Teheran. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During his mayorship, he reversed many of the changes put into effect by previous moderate and reformist mayors, putting serious religious emphasis on the activities of the cultural centers founded by previous mayors, going on the record with the separation of elevators for men and women in the municipality offices and suggesting that the bodies of those killed in the Iran-Iraq war be buried in major city squares of Teheran. &lt;br /&gt;Only two years later, with strong support from conservative leaders, Ahmadinejad ran for president. He promised to resolve issues of poverty, social injustice, corruption, and economics. Positioning himself as a man of the people, he won in a run-off election on June 24, 2005. After taking office, Ahmadinejad has made some interesting political moves. In line with his conservative views, he banned western music. But he has also lobbied to allow women to attend sporting events, which seems more of a moderate position. He also has encountered some challenges from within the government. Several of his candidates for oil minister withdrew or were rejected because the Majilis, the Iranian parliament, did not approve of Ahmadinejad's selections.&lt;br /&gt;Diminutive in stature, Ahmadinejad has become an imposing figure in international politics. His hard-line stance on his country's right to develop civilian nuclear power has heightened tensions with the United States—already tenuous since diplomatic ties were severed in 1979—and other western nations. He wrote a letter to President George W. Bush in May 2006, which was the first direct communication between leaders of these two countries since the hostage situation. In the letter, Ahmadinejad offered his solutions to U.S.-Iran conflicts. The United States, however, dismissed the letter with officials stating the letter contained no proposals to resolving the nuclear issue.&lt;br /&gt;Ahmadinejad has drawn fire for making inflammatory remarks, including those against the state of Israel and about the Holocaust, which have brought him condemnation from many world leaders. During a 2006 speech made at the meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Ahmadinejad again criticized Israel, this time for its military action in Lebanon. He also lobbied for a seat on the UN Security Council for a representative of the Non-Aligned Movement, an association of more than 100 countries, including Iran, Cuba, and Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;For all of his rhetoric there is some question as to how much power Ahmadinejad wields in his own country. With the control of the government largely in the hands of the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, it remains uncertain whether Ahmadinejad will make a long-term impact on Iran.&lt;br /&gt;Often wearing a plain tan jacket, Ahmadinejad is said to live a simple life outside of politics. He is married and has three children.&lt;br /&gt;&gt;&gt;source : www.jpost.com/servlet&lt;br /&gt;www.biography.com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-6277336580448527813?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/6277336580448527813/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/ahmad-dinejad-president-of-iran.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6277336580448527813'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/6277336580448527813'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/ahmad-dinejad-president-of-iran.html' title='Ahmad Dinejad (President of Iran)'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIVXkNTheI/AAAAAAAAABA/xgyOMDLFeq0/s72-c/dinejad2.jpeg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-4518904971910876928</id><published>2009-01-05T05:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T06:08:33.395-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>Former Indonesian president Soeharto</title><content type='html'>Former Indonesian president Soeharto, died in a hospital on Sunday at the age of 86, a senior police official told reporters at the hospital where he was being treated. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Soeharto has passed away at about 13:10 p.m. local time (0610 GMT), the official said. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Soeharto had ruled Indonesia for 32 years before he was toppled by a mass riot on May 21, 1998. He faced numerous allegation of human rights violation and corruption during his rules, but in May2006 prosecutors closed a criminal case against him due to his deteriorating health. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Soeharto was born on June 8, 1921 in the southern Javanese town of Yogyakarta but his childhood story was largely unknown. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    He was the sole son from the second marriage of Javanese man Kertosudiro, who had two children from his first wife. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    After his parents divorced, he was estranged to his parents and stayed with different families several times in his early life until he was adopted and raised by uncle Prawirowiharjo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    In 1940, he joined the Dutch East Indies Army and studied in a military school in the town of Gombong in west of Yogyakarta. During Japanese occupation from 1942, he had a brief spell as a police officer before joining the Japanese-sponsored militia group "Pembela Tanah Air" (abbreviated as Peta: Defenders of the Motherland). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    After Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945, Soeharto entered service in the Badan Keamanan Rakyat (BKR: People's Security Body),which fought against the remaining Japanese forces and struggled to prevent the Dutch colonial forces from retaking power. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Two years later, he married Siti Hartinah (died in 1996), believed to be a descendant of the Surakarta Kingdom in Central Java, and they had three daughters and three sons in the next 17 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    In 1950s, Soeharto led military offensive against rebellions in eastern Indonesia and Islamic extremism on Java island. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    He became closer to the presidency in 1965 when he led the Army to gradually take control of the country amid political chaos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    On March 11, 1966, ailing president Sukarno issued a decree that transferred most of his power to Soeharto, who by then had been promoted to lieutenant general. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    A year later, Soeharto was named the acting president with founding father Sukarno highly isolated from politics and his health badly deteriorating. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    On March 21, 1967, he was officially elected as Indonesia's second president only days after Sukarno's tenure was ended by the parliament. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Civil servants were banned from voting other than Golkar. The solid trio -- military, Golkar and bureaucrats -- made his power undisputed and earned him multiple re-elections in 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993 and 1998. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    On May 21, 1998, he announced his much awaited resignation and since then he lived quietly in his private residence in Central Jakarta. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Under mounting public pressures, Soeharto was placed under house arrest in 2000 as the supreme court inquiry into his graft allegations began. But a team of doctors appointed by the court declared that Soeharto was medically unfit for trials. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    His case was reopened in 2002 but again doctors said it was impossible for Soeharto to stand trial, citing brain damage.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-4518904971910876928?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/4518904971910876928/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/former-indonesian-president-soeharto.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4518904971910876928'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4518904971910876928'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/former-indonesian-president-soeharto.html' title='Former Indonesian president Soeharto'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-7334232817284994081</id><published>2009-01-05T05:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T05:53:35.893-08:00</updated><title type='text'>An Entrapment</title><content type='html'>My love, I have tried with all my being&lt;br /&gt;to grasp a form comparable to thine own,&lt;br /&gt;but nothing seems worthy;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know now why Shakespeare could not&lt;br /&gt;compare his love to a summer’s day.&lt;br /&gt;It would be a crime to denounce the beauty&lt;br /&gt;of such a creature as thee,&lt;br /&gt;to simply cast away the precision&lt;br /&gt;God had placed in forging you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each facet of your being&lt;br /&gt;whether it physical or spiritual&lt;br /&gt;is an ensnarement&lt;br /&gt;from which there is no release.&lt;br /&gt;But I do not wish release.&lt;br /&gt;I wish to stay entrapped forever.&lt;br /&gt;With you for all eternity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;luv her much....&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-7334232817284994081?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/7334232817284994081/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/entrapment.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7334232817284994081'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7334232817284994081'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/entrapment.html' title='An Entrapment'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-8267438232346443452</id><published>2009-01-05T05:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T05:39:18.028-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LOVE'/><title type='text'>Rumi Quotes on Love</title><content type='html'>Rumi Quotes Love&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I cannot sleep in your prescence.&lt;br /&gt;In your absence, tears prevent me.&lt;br /&gt;You watch me My Beloved&lt;br /&gt;On each sleepless night and&lt;br /&gt;Only You see the difference&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Looking at my life&lt;br /&gt;I see that only Love&lt;br /&gt;Has been my soul’s companion&lt;br /&gt;From deep inside&lt;br /&gt;My soul cries out:&lt;br /&gt;Do not wait, surrender&lt;br /&gt;For the sake of Love.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you can’t smell the fragrance&lt;br /&gt;Don’t come into the garden of Love.&lt;br /&gt;If you’re unwilling to undress&lt;br /&gt;Don’t enter into the stream of Truth.&lt;br /&gt;Stay where you are.&lt;br /&gt;Don’t come our way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All year round the lover is mad,&lt;br /&gt;Unkempt, lovesick and in disgrace.&lt;br /&gt;Without love there is nothing but grief.&lt;br /&gt;In love… what else matters?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Love is our Mother and&lt;br /&gt;The way of our Prophet.&lt;br /&gt;Yet it is in our nature&lt;br /&gt;To fight with Love.&lt;br /&gt;We can’t see you, mother,&lt;br /&gt;Hidden behind dark veils&lt;br /&gt;Woven by ourselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do you want to enter paradise?&lt;br /&gt;To walk the path of Truth&lt;br /&gt;You need the grace of God.&lt;br /&gt;We all face death in the end.&lt;br /&gt;But on the way, be careful&lt;br /&gt;Never to hurt a human heart!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do you know what the music is saying?&lt;br /&gt;“Come follow me and you will find the way.&lt;br /&gt;Your mistakes can also lead you to the Truth.&lt;br /&gt;When you ask, the answer will be given.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Master who’s full of sweetness&lt;br /&gt;Is so drunk with love, he’s oblivious.&lt;br /&gt;“Will you give me&lt;br /&gt;some of your sweetness?”&lt;br /&gt;“I have none,” he says,&lt;br /&gt;unaware of his richness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You know what love is?&lt;br /&gt;It is all kindness, generosity.&lt;br /&gt;Disharmony prevails when &lt;br /&gt;You confuse lust with love, while &lt;br /&gt;The distance between the two&lt;br /&gt;Is endless.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This Love is a King&lt;br /&gt;But his banner is hidden.&lt;br /&gt;The Koran speaks the Truth&lt;br /&gt;But its miracle is concealed.&lt;br /&gt;Love has pierced with its arrow&lt;br /&gt;The heart of every lover.&lt;br /&gt;Blood flows but the wound is invisible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From: Rumi" Whispers of the Beloved "&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-8267438232346443452?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/8267438232346443452/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/rumi-quotes-on-love.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8267438232346443452'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/8267438232346443452'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/rumi-quotes-on-love.html' title='Rumi Quotes on Love'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-2950318666791985646</id><published>2009-01-05T05:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T05:36:58.037-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Biography of Rumi</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIM6_27neI/AAAAAAAAAAU/ylN-zaWdXsU/s1600-h/rumi-medium.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIM6_27neI/AAAAAAAAAAU/ylN-zaWdXsU/s320/rumi-medium.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287803120200162786" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jalalud'din Rumi is one of the world’s most revered mystical poets.  During his lifetime he produced a prolific range of inspiring and devotional poetry which encapsulates the sufi's experience of  union with the divine.  These timeless classics have enjoyed a renaissance in recent years, as Rumi has become one of our most popular poets. Although Rumi was a Sufi and a great scholar of the Qu’ran his appeal reaches across religious and social divisions. Even during his lifetime he was noted for his cosmopolitan outlook.  His funeral, which lasted 40 days, was attended by Muslims, Jews, Persians, Christians and Greeks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                 Rumi was born in 1207, in what is now know as Afghanistan. It was a period of remarkable social and political turbulence. The 13th Century was the era of the crusades;  also the area where Rumi lived was under constant threat of Mongol invasion. The great upheavals Rumi faced during his life is said to have influenced much of his poetry.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;               Rumi met many of the great Sufi poets. For example, as a young boy he met the Sufi Master, Attar.  Attar is said to have commented about Rumi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"There goes a river dragging an ocean behind it."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; However the most important turning point in Rumi’s life was when he met the wandering dervish Sham al- Din. Sham was eccentric and unorthodox, but was filled with heart - felt devotion, that sometimes he couldn’t contain. Sham appeared to be quite different to the respectable and prestigious scholar, (as Rumi was at that point.)  However Rumi saw in Sham a divine presence. This meeting and their close mystical relationship was instrumental in awakening Rumi’s latent spirituality and intense devotion. It was at this point Rumi abandoned his academic career and began to write his mystical poetry.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rumi’s poetry is wide ranging and encompasses many different ideas but behind all the poetry the essential theme was the longing and searching for the union with the divine. Rumi was himself a great mystic. His outpourings of poetry were a reflection of his own inner consciousness. Ironically Rumi said that no words could adequately explain the experience of mystical union. Yet his words are inspiring signposts which point towards the divine.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his poetry Rumi frequently uses imagery which may be unexpected. For example although Islam forbids alcohol, he often describes the sensation of being “drunk  and intoxicated with ecstasy for his beloved." Here drunk implies the bliss of the divine consciousness. Love is a frequent subject of Rumi's poems, descriptions of seeming romantic love is an illusion to the all encompassing pure, divine love.  Metaphors such as this are common to other Sufi poets such as Omar Khayyam, Hafiz, and Attar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rumi's poetry is so widely appreciated because it has the capacity to uplift our own consciouness. Reading the words of Rumi can awaken in ourselves,  our own spiritual self.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-2950318666791985646?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/2950318666791985646/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/biography-of-rumi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/2950318666791985646'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/2950318666791985646'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/biography-of-rumi.html' title='Biography of Rumi'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIM6_27neI/AAAAAAAAAAU/ylN-zaWdXsU/s72-c/rumi-medium.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-4509495482292013056</id><published>2009-01-05T05:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T05:22:46.055-08:00</updated><title type='text'>THE PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIK CINTA</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIJWaDNukI/AAAAAAAAAAM/6GyakxqvgCY/s1600-h/DHANI+1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIJWaDNukI/AAAAAAAAAAM/6GyakxqvgCY/s320/DHANI+1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287799193040960066" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rock group Dewa’s lead guitarist Ahmad Dhani is featured in the Washington Post.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tunes of many Dewa songs, particularly “Aku Milikku”, which has a really fine opening, and ending, are a familiar sound in the Indonesia Matters bunker and it’s pleasing to see the group’s main man get some international attention, if not precisely for his music.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ahmad Dhani of Dewa&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The WP writes on 7th October that Dhani is battling hard to keep Indonesian youth away from the influence of radical Islam. In the United States currently to, of all things, meet with top U.S. government and military leaders at the 2006 National Homeland Defense Foundation Symposium in Colorado, Dhani, accompanied by Abdurraham “Gus Dur” Wahid, says that he seeks to promote a harmonious, moderate Islam through his music. Dhani apparently asked for long term assistance from the West to help in combating extremism in Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A drop out from a fundamentalist Islamic school Dhani came to be increasingly influenced by the Naqshbandi school of Sufism, a mystical form of Islam well suited to the Javanese mind and popular in East Java in particular, and the effects of this have been increasingly seen in the music of the band. In late 2004 the album “Laskar Cinta”, or “Warriors of Love” was launched, the title of which was likely a play on the name of a militant jihadist group “Laskar Jihad” (Holy War Warriors) whose members wrought much misery and death upon Indonesian Christians in the civil wars of central Sulawesi and the Malukus in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Radical Islamic groups took a dim view of Ahmad Dhani and he and his family went into hiding in 2005. However by the end of the year the band had produced a new album, “Republik Cinta” (Republic of Love), this time with a song entitled “Laskar Cinta” (the previous album of the same name did not have a title track), in which apparently some Quranic and hadith verses were included in the lyrics of.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Read Rock Star Rattles Radical Islam at Washington Post, there is also an older article from the same place, Songs Against Terrorism, October 2005. See also Libforall.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-4509495482292013056?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/4509495482292013056/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/president-of-republik-cinta.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4509495482292013056'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/4509495482292013056'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/president-of-republik-cinta.html' title='THE PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIK CINTA'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIJWaDNukI/AAAAAAAAAAM/6GyakxqvgCY/s72-c/DHANI+1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-744082674182249667</id><published>2009-01-05T05:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-05T05:15:44.015-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='PROFILE'/><title type='text'>WHO IS OBAMA?</title><content type='html'>On November 4, 2008, 47-year-old Barack Obama was elected to be the 44th President of the United States, after a hard-fought two-year presidential campaign.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obama (D-IL) was elected to the U.S. Senate on November 2, 2004, after serving 7 years as an Illinois state senator. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He's the author of two best-selling books. Obama was named by Time magazine in 2005, 2007 and 2008 as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notable: &lt;br /&gt;On February 10, 2007, Barack Obama declared his candidacy for the 2008 Democratic nomination for the presidency. Obama first rose to national prominence when he delivered an inspiring keynote speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On June 3, 2008, Obama accumulated enough Democratic convention delegates votes to become the presumptive party nominee for the presidential race.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2004, Sen. Obama signed a $1.9 million deal to author 3 books. The first, "The Audacity of Hope,", discusses his political convictions. The second book will be co-written with his wife. His 1995 autobiography was a bestseller.&lt;br /&gt;The Obama Persona: &lt;br /&gt;Barack Obama is a independent-minded leader with an even-keel temperament and charismatic speaking skills. He's also a talented, introspective writer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His values and goals are strongly shaped by his expertise as a Constitutional law professor and civil rights attorney, and by Christianity. While private by nature, Obama mingles easily with others, but is most comfortable addressing large crowds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unlike most politicos, Obama is known for being unafraid to speak and hear hard truths when necessary. Although armed with shrewd political sensibilities, he's sometimes slow to recognize viable threats to his agenda.&lt;br /&gt;Major Areas of Interest: &lt;br /&gt;Sen. Obama's areas of special legislative interest have been in support for working families, public education, health care, economic growth and jobs creation, and ending the Iraq War. As an Illinois state senator, he worked passionately for ethics reforms and criminal justice reform. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2002, Obama publicly opposed the Bush Administration's push for the Iraq War, but supported war in Afghanistan.&lt;br /&gt;Senate Committees in the 110th Congress: &lt;br /&gt;Committee on Foreign Relations &lt;br /&gt;Subcommittee on African Affairs &lt;br /&gt;Subcommittee on International Economic Policy &lt;br /&gt;Subcommittee on Asians and Pacific Affairs &lt;br /&gt;Committee on Veterans' Affairs &lt;br /&gt;Committee on Health, Education, Labor &amp; Pensions &lt;br /&gt;Committee on Homeland Security &amp; Governmental Affairs&lt;br /&gt;Practical, Progressive Thinking on the Issues: &lt;br /&gt;In 2002, Barack Obama publicly opposed the Iraq War, and continues to call for withdrawal of US troops from Iraq. He urges universal health care, and if elected president, promises implementation by the end of his first term. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Barack Obama's voting record and stances as US Senator and Illinois State Senator reflect a "practical, common sense progressive" thinker who emphasizes increased support for teachers, college affordability, and restoration of meaningful federal support of veterans. Obama opposes privatization of Social Security.&lt;br /&gt;Prior Experience: &lt;br /&gt;Barack Obama served 7 years as an Illinois State Senator, resigning to assume U.S. Senate responsibilities. He also worked as a community organizer and a civil rights attorney. The Senator is a Senior Lecturer in Constitutional Law at University of Chicago Law School. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After law school, he aggressively organized one of the largest voter registration drives in Chicago history to help Bill Clinton's 1992 election.&lt;br /&gt;Personal Data: &lt;br /&gt;Birth - August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii &lt;br /&gt;Education - B.A. in international relations, 1983, Columbia University. J.D. from Harvard Law School, where he was Editor of the Harvard Law Review &lt;br /&gt;Family - Married on October 18, 1992 to Michelle Robinson, a Chicago native, also a Harvard Law School graduate. Two young daughters, Malia and Sasha. &lt;br /&gt;Faith - Christian, United Church of Christ &lt;br /&gt;Shen the Senate is in session, Obama returns to their Chicago home from D.C. every weekend. Obama is a Chicago White Sox and Chicago Bears fan, and an avid basketball player.&lt;br /&gt;Growing Up Barack Obama: &lt;br /&gt;Born Barrack Hussein Obama, Jr, son of a Kenya-born Harvard-educated economist and Ann Dunham, a caucasian anthropologist, was 2 years old when his father left them. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His father (deceased in 1982) returned to Kenya, and only saw his son once more. His mother remarried, and moved Barack to Indonesia. He returned to Hawaii at age 10 to live with his maternal grandparents. He graduated from the respected Punahou School with honors. As a teenager, he scooped ice cream at Baskins-Robbins, and has admitted to dabbling in marijuana and cocaine. His mother died of cancer in 1995.&lt;br /&gt;Memorable Quotes : &lt;br /&gt;"You can't have No Child Left Behind if you leave the money behind."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I do agree that the Democrats have been intellectually lazy in failing to take the core ideals of the Democratic Party and adapting them to circumstances.... It's not just a matter of sticking in a quote from the Bible into a stock speech." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"There has yet to be a serious conversation about health care on the floor of the United States Senate." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"...as parents, we need to find the time and the energy to step in and find ways to help our kids love reading. We can read to them, talk to them about what they're reading and make time for this by turning off the TV ourselves. Libraries can help parents with this. Knowing the constraints we face from busy schedules and a TV culture, we need to think outside the box here - to dream big like we always have in America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right now, children come home from their first doctor's appointment with an extra bottle of formula. But imagine if they came home with their first library card or their first copy of Goodnight Moon? What if it was as easy to get a book as it is to rent a DVD or pick up McDonalds? What if instead of a toy in every Happy Meal, there was a book? What if there were portable libraries that rolled through parks and playgrounds like ice cream trucks? Or kiosks in stores where you could borrow books? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What if during the summer, when kids often lose much of the reading progress they've made during the year, every child had a list of books they had to read and talk about and an invitation to a summer reading club at the local library? Libraries have a special role to play in our knowledge economy." -- June 27, 2005 Speech to the American Library Association&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-744082674182249667?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/744082674182249667/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/who-is-obama.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/744082674182249667'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/744082674182249667'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2009/01/who-is-obama.html' title='WHO IS OBAMA?'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6513513671089856314.post-7355968015749139304</id><published>2008-12-22T00:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-12-22T00:18:12.489-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LOVE'/><title type='text'>JusT wanNä saý fRöM mY deëpEsT heaRt</title><content type='html'>I'll fix these broken things..Repair ur broken wings..And make sure everything's alright..My pressure on her hips..Sinking my fingertips..Into every inch of U..Coz I Know that's wat U Want me 2 do.. ***Luv rEd_te@....Be mY luvLy wifE..***&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6513513671089856314-7355968015749139304?l=kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/feeds/7355968015749139304/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2008/12/just-wann-sa-frm-my-depest-heart.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7355968015749139304'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6513513671089856314/posts/default/7355968015749139304'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://kerajaancinta19.blogspot.com/2008/12/just-wann-sa-frm-my-depest-heart.html' title='JusT wanNä saý fRöM mY deëpEsT heaRt'/><author><name>KERAJAAN CINTA19</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03644913054594210934</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_I0P78fQMVrI/SWIPsp9iCHI/AAAAAAAAAAo/WHFWegQokSw/S220/The+next+president+01.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
